Bloody Diarrhea in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Dogs are cherished members of our families, providing companionship, joy, and often a comforting presence. However, like all living beings, they can sometimes fall ill. One concerning issue that can arise is bloody diarrhea in dogs. This distressing symptom can be indicative of various underlying health problems and should be taken seriously. If your canine companion's feces show clear traces of fresh blood, this might indicate its origin from either the upper section of the small intestine or the stomach. Should the blood be partially digested, its appearance could resemble coffee grounds and might have originated from the lower regions of your dog's intestines.

In the event that the blood is fresh, it could potentially stem from your pet's colon. Conversely, if the blood appears dark, tar-like, or adhesive, it's more probable that it originated from your dog's stomach or the upper sections of the intestinal tract.

In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for bloody diarrhea in dogs.

What Causes Bloody Diarrhea in Dogs?

Bloody diarrhea, also known as hematochezia, occurs when fresh blood is visible in a dog's feces. Several factors can contribute to this alarming condition:

• Dietary Factors: Abrupt changes in a dog's diet can lead to gastrointestinal upset, including bloody diarrhea. Introducing new foods or sudden shifts in their regular diet can irritate the digestive tract.
• Gastrointestinal Infections: Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections can cause inflammation and irritation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to bloody diarrhea. Common culprits include Salmonella, Campylobacter, parvovirus, and giardia.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): This is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. IBD can cause symptoms such as bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss.
• Colitis: Colitis refers to inflammation of the colon and can result in bloody diarrhea. It can be caused by various factors, including infections, dietary issues, and stress.
• Foreign Objects: Ingesting objects that can't be digested, such as bones or toys, can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract and lead to bloody diarrhea.
• Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis (HGE): HGE is a severe condition that leads to sudden onset of bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. Its exact cause is often unclear, but it's believed to be related to bacterial toxins.
• Intestinal Parasites: Worms such as hookworms, whipworms, and roundworms can cause irritation and bleeding in the intestines, leading to bloody diarrhea.
• Trauma: Physical trauma to the abdomen, such as from accidents or injuries, can result in bloody diarrhea due to internal bleeding.
• Rectal or Anal Issues: Conditions such as anal fissures, tumors, or rectal polyps can cause bleeding during bowel movements.
• Toxic Ingestion: Ingesting toxic substances, plants, or certain medications can lead to gastrointestinal irritation and bloody diarrhea.
• Systemic Conditions: Some systemic diseases, like clotting disorders or certain cancers, can cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and result in bloody diarrhea.

Symptoms of Bloody Diarrhea in Dogs

Recognizing the signs of bloody diarrhea is essential for prompt intervention. In addition to the presence of blood in the feces, other symptoms may include:

• Diarrhea: Loose, watery stools that may contain mucus or blood.
• Vomiting: Dogs might vomit in conjunction with bloody diarrhea.
• Lethargy: A noticeable lack of energy and enthusiasm.
• Loss of Appetite: Refusal to eat or reduced interest in food.
• Abdominal Discomfort: Whimpering, whining, or signs of pain when the abdomen is touched.
• Dehydration: Dry gums, sunken eyes, and decreased skin elasticity.

What is the Treatment for Bloody Diarrhea in Dogs?

Your veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination of your dog and may recommend diagnostic tests such as blood work, fecal analysis, abdominal X-rays, and possibly an ultrasound to determine the cause of the bloody diarrhea.

1. Medications

Treatment may involve medications to address specific underlying causes:

• Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed.
• Anti-parasitic Medications: If parasites are the cause, deworming medications may be given.
• Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: These might be prescribed to reduce inflammation in conditions like colitis or inflammatory bowel disease.
• Gastroprotectants: Medications to protect the gastrointestinal lining and promote healing might be used.
• Anti-vomiting Medications: If vomiting is present along with diarrhea, anti-emetic drugs may be given.

Specific Treatment: Depending on the diagnosis, specific treatments might be required. For example:

• Infections: Treating the underlying infection with appropriate medications.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Long-term management and potentially immunosuppressive drugs in severe cases.
• Gastrointestinal Ulcers: Medications to reduce stomach acid and promote ulcer healing.
• Foreign Object Ingestion: Surgical removal of any lodged objects causing irritation or blockage.

2. Dietary Management

Depending on the cause of the bloody diarrhea, your veterinarian might recommend a temporary change in diet. In some cases, a bland diet (boiled rice and lean, boiled chicken) can help soothe the digestive tract. 

Boiled chicken provides a lean source of protein that is gentle on the stomach. It's important to remove the skin and excess fat to help reduce the risk of exacerbating conditions like pancreatitis or inflammatory bowel disease.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help restore the balance of gut flora. They can be especially useful after episodes of diarrhea, which can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the digestive tract. They can be added to your dog's food as directed by your veterinarian.

3. Fluid Therapy

If your dog is dehydrated due to diarrhea and vomiting, your veterinarian may administer fluids either through an IV or subcutaneously to help rehydrate your dog and maintain electrolyte balance.

Or directly replenish your dog with an electrolyte solution.

How to Prevent Bloody Diarrhea in Dogs?

Preventing bloody diarrhea in dogs involves maintaining their overall health and taking steps to minimize potential triggers. 

1. Parasite Prevention

Administer regular parasite prevention medications as recommended by your veterinarian to protect against internal and external parasites that can lead to gastrointestinal issues.

Here is a general guideline for deworming frequencies:

Puppies

Deworm every 2 weeks from 2 weeks of age until 12 weeks old.
Deworm monthly from 3 to 6 months of age.

Adult Dogs

Deworm every 3-6 months, depending on the dog's risk factors. Dogs that are exposed to higher parasite risks (such as hunting dogs or those in areas with high parasite prevalence) might need more frequent deworming.

Pregnant and Lactating Dogs

Deworm before mating.
Deworm during pregnancy, usually around days 40 and 55 of pregnancy.
Deworm before the puppies are born, to reduce the risk of transmission to the puppies.

2. Regular Exercise

Regular exercise helps maintain healthy digestion and overall well-being. However, avoid intense exercise right after meals, as this can contribute to stomach upset.

Here are some dog-friendly sports and activities:

• Flyball: Flyball is a relay race that involves teams of dogs jumping over hurdles, triggering a spring-loaded box to release a tennis ball, and then returning the ball to their handler. It's a fast-paced and exciting sport that tests a dog's speed and coordination.
• Disc Dog (Frisbee): In this sport, dogs catch flying discs (Frisbees) that their owners throw. It's a fun way to engage dogs in high-energy play.
• Lure Coursing: Lure coursing mimics the chase of a small game by using a mechanical lure that the dogs chase around a course. It's a great outlet for dogs with strong prey drives.

Related: Can I Walk My Dog 30 Minutes After Eating

3. Avoid Toxic Substances

Keep your dog away from toxic plants, chemicals, and foods that could potentially cause gastrointestinal problems.

Here's a list of some common plants and foods that are poisonous to dogs:

4. Healthy Diet

Feed your dog a balanced and high-quality diet appropriate for their age, size, and health status. Avoid sudden changes in their diet, as this can upset their digestive system.
Refrain from feeding your dog table scraps, as human foods can be difficult for dogs to digest and might cause gastrointestinal upset.

FAQs

Is Bloody Diarrhea in Dogs An Emergency?

Yes, bloody diarrhea in dogs can be a sign of a serious medical issue and should be considered an emergency. While not all cases of bloody diarrhea are life-threatening, they can indicate a range of underlying problems that require prompt veterinary attention. 

Can Bloody Diarrhea in Dogs Go Away on Its Own?

Bloody diarrhea in dogs can be a concerning symptom and should not be ignored. While some cases of mild diarrhea might resolve on their own,  and the dog is otherwise acting normally, you might consider withholding food for 12-24 hours to give their digestive system a chance to rest, and then gradually reintroduce a bland diet (e.g., boiled rice and lean chicken).  If the diarrhea is persistent, severe, or accompanied by blood, it's generally recommended to consult a veterinarian.

Bloody Diarrhea in Dog But Acting Normal, Should I Be Worried?

Yes, in some cases, bloody diarrhea might be caused by minor issues like dietary indiscretion or stress, and it might resolve on its own. However, it can also be caused by more serious conditions such as infections, parasites, inflammatory bowel disease, ingestion of toxic substances, or even more severe conditions like parvovirus.

The key concern with bloody diarrhea is dehydration, as it can lead to electrolyte imbalances and other complications. If left untreated, severe dehydration can be life-threatening for a dog.

How Long Can A Dog Survive with Bloody Diarrhea?

The timeline for how long a dog can survive with bloody diarrhea varies widely based on factors such as the cause of the condition, the dog's age, overall health, and how quickly treatment is sought.

Related:

Dog Has Diarrhea But Acting Normal

Causes and Prevention of Vomiting and Diarrhea in Dogs

2023 Guide to Deal with Dog Diarrhea

Dog Poop Like Jelly with Blood Home Remedy

Why is My Dogs Poop Green

Conclusion

In conclusion, bloody diarrhea in dogs is a concerning symptom that demands attention. Rapid identification of the underlying cause, along with appropriate veterinary care, is crucial for your dog's well-being. Remember, only a qualified veterinarian can provide accurate diagnosis and treatment tailored to your dog's specific needs. Your furry companion's health is worth the effort to ensure a happy and comfortable life.