Dog Allergies: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Overview

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

Allergies in Dogs Overview:

Dog allergies are a frequent yet often misunderstood health issue. They occur when a dog’s immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance, known as an allergen. Allergies can affect dogs of all ages and breeds, though certain breeds are more predisposed. Unlike humans, who may sneeze or get hay fever, dogs often express allergies through skin problems, digestive issues, or chronic infections.

Whether caused by environmental triggers like pollen or internal factors like food sensitivities, managing allergies is key to your dog’s well-being. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most dogs with allergies can live happy, comfortable lives.

Dog allergies can be triggered by a wide variety of sources. The most common types include:

Environmental Allergens (Atopic Dermatitis)

Pollen from grasses, trees, or weeds
Dust mites
Mold spores
Household cleaning agents
Smoke or strong perfumes

Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)

Caused by an allergic reaction to flea saliva
Even a single flea bite can trigger intense itching

Food Allergies

Common culprits: beef, chicken, dairy, wheat, soy, and corn
Food intolerance may cause digestive symptoms or skin issues

Contact Allergens

Detergents, shampoos, certain fabrics (like wool or nylon)
Lawn chemicals or materials used in bedding

Genetic Predisposition

•Breeds prone to allergies: Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Bulldogs, West Highland White Terriers, Boxers, German Shepherds

Dog allergy symptoms may vary depending on the type of allergy, but common signs include:

Excessive itching or scratching, especially around the ears, paws, belly, or face
Hair loss or thinning fur
Red, inflamed, or scabbed skin
Frequent ear infections or head shaking
Licking or chewing paws (often causing staining or sores)
Sneezing, watery eyes, or runny nose (less common)
Vomiting or diarrhea (typically with food allergies)

Note: Chronic or recurring symptoms are often a sign of an underlying allergy and should not be ignored.

Diagnosing allergies in dogs can take time, as symptoms may overlap with other conditions like mange, bacterial infections, or hormonal imbalances.

Veterinary Diagnosis May Include:

Physical examination of skin, ears, and overall condition
Flea comb test to check for flea activity
Skin cytology to rule out infections or mites
Elimination diet trial (8–12 weeks with a novel or hydrolyzed protein)
Intradermal skin testing (best for identifying environmental allergies)
Blood tests (IgE testing) to detect allergen-specific antibodies
Response to treatment can also aid in diagnosis (e.g., if symptoms improve with flea control)

Treatments depend on the underlying cause and severity.A combination approach is often most effective:

Symptom Treatment Relief:

•Puainta®Banov Medicated shampoos(antifungal,antibacterial,anti-itch)

•Puainta®Quantum Silver Spray or Puainta®Natural Spray(Quantum Silver,antihistamines)

•Puainta®Quantum Ear cleaners and Puainta®Natural Ear Cleaner

Medications:

•Antihistamines(Benadryl,cetirizine—with vet guidance)

•Steroids(short-term use)for severe itching

•Apoquel®or Cytopoint®—newer allergy-specific medications

•Antibiotics or antifungals for secondary infections

Long-term Management:

•Allergy shots(immunotherapy)based on skin test results

•Puainta®Strict flea control with year-round preventatives

•Diet change—hypoallergenic or limited-ingredient diets

•Supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids,probiotics

While not all allergies can be fully prevented, proactive care can reduce flare-ups and improve your dog’s comfort:

Use flea prevention year-round
Wash bedding regularly and vacuum frequently
Bathe regularly with gentle or medicated shampoos
Avoid known food allergens once identified
Use pet-safe cleaning products
Limit outdoor exposure during high-pollen seasons
Monitor early signs, especially if your dog is a high-risk breed

When to See a Vet

If your dog’s symptoms persist for more than a few days, worsen over time, or cause distress, consult your veterinarian. Early intervention can prevent chronic infections, skin damage, and unnecessary suffering.

Some Tips

Pathological partskin (itching, redness), ears (infections), eyes (watery), nose (discharge), paws (licking, chewing), gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea)

Hazard level★★★☆☆

Typical Symptomsscratching, licking, chewing paws, ear infections, hair loss, red or inflamed skin, sneezing, watery eyes, gastrointestinal issues

Inspection itemsintradermal skin testing, serum allergy testing, elimination diet trial, skin scraping (to rule out mites), cytology

Confusing diseasesflea allergy dermatitis, mange, bacterial or yeast infections, food intolerance, autoimmune skin diseases, hormonal imbalances (e.g., hypothyroidism)