Conjunctivitis in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms& Treatment

What is Conjunctivitis in Dogs

Conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye," is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. (The nictitating membrane, also known as the third eyelid, is a translucent or opaque membrane that covers the eye's cornea and protects it from dust, debris, and other foreign objects. Dogs have a nictitating membrane in each eye, and it is located in the inner corner of the eye, beneath the lower eyelid.)

Conjunctivitis in dogs is a relatively common condition that can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergies, infections, foreign objects in the eye, or other underlying medical conditions. In this article, we will discuss:

• Types of Conjunctivitis in Dogs
• Symptoms of Conjunctivitis in Dogs
• Causes of Conjunctivitis in Dogs
• Treatment of Conjunctivitis in Dogs
• Prevention of Conjunctivitis in Dogs 
• Home Remedies for Conjunctivitis in Dogs

Types of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

There are two main types of conjunctivitis in dogs, depending on the condition and course of the disease:

Acute Conjunctivitis

Rapid onset, short lesions, lesions usually less than 3 weeks.

Chronic Conjunctivitis

 It is caused by untreated or incompletely treated acute conjunctivitis with long-lasting lesions.

There are four main types of conjunctivitis in dogs, depending on the cause:

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis is an eye infection caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus. It is highly contagious and can spread through contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. Symptoms include redness, discharge, tearing, and irritation of the eye. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotic eye drops or ointments.

Viral Conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis is an eye infection caused by a virus such as adenovirus. It is highly contagious and can be spread through contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. Symptoms include redness, tearing, and irritation of the eye. There may also be discharge from the eye, but it is typically clear rather than thick and yellow like in bacterial conjunctivitis. 

Fungal Conjunctivitis

Fungal conjunctivitis is an eye infection caused by a fungal organism such as Aspergillus or Fusarium. It is relatively rare and typically occurs in individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms include redness, discharge, and irritation of the eye. Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal eye drops or oral medication.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is an eye condition caused by an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust, or animal dander. Symptoms include redness, itching, tearing, and swelling of the eye.

There are three main types of conjunctivitis in dogs, depending on the appearance of the lesion:

Follicular Conjunctivitis

Follicular conjunctivitis is a type of eye inflammation that affects the conjunctiva. This condition is characterized by the development of small, round bumps or nodules, called follicles, on the conjunctiva. Follicular conjunctivitis can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, allergies, or an immune response to an irritant or foreign substance.

Membranous Conjunctivitis

Membranous conjunctivitis is a rare type of conjunctivitis characterized by the formation of a membrane or layer of tissue on the surface of the conjunctiva. This membrane is made up of fibrin, white blood cells, and other debris and can cause redness, tearing, and discomfort in the affected eye. Membranous conjunctivitis is often associated with diphtheria, a bacterial infection that can also affect the throat and other parts of the body.

Pseudomembranous Conjunctivitis

Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis is a condition that is similar to membranous conjunctivitis but is caused by a different type of bacteria. This condition is characterized by the formation of a yellow or gray membrane on the conjunctiva, which can cause irritation, redness, and discharge from the affected eye. Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae, but it can also be caused by other types of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

Conjunctivitis is a common condition that affects dogs. It occurs when the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids, becomes inflamed. Some of the symptoms of conjunctivitis in dogs include:

• Redness: The eyes may appear redder than usual.
• Swelling: The eyelids and the area around the eyes may be swollen.
• Discharge: There may be a discharge from the eyes that can be clear or colored (yellow, green, or white).
• Itching: Dogs with conjunctivitis may rub their eyes or scratch at their face.
• Watery eyes: The eyes may produce excessive tears.
• Sensitivity to light: Dogs with conjunctivitis may squint in bright light.
• Cloudy eyes: In severe cases, the eyes may appear cloudy or hazy.

Causes of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

• Infections: Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can cause conjunctivitis in dogs. These infections can be transmitted through contact with other infected dogs or through contact with contaminated objects.
• Allergies: Dogs can develop conjunctivitis as a result of an allergic reaction to environmental irritants such as pollen, dust, or mold.
• Trauma: Injuries to the eye or the surrounding area can cause conjunctivitis. Scratches, cuts, or foreign objects in the eye can all lead to inflammation and infection.
• Irritants: Exposure to irritants such as smoke, chemicals, or dust can cause conjunctivitis in dogs.
• Genetics: Some breeds of dogs are more prone to conjunctivitis than others. Breeds with prominent eyes, such as Pugs and French Bulldogs, are more likely to develop conjunctivitis.

Treatment of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

• Keep the Eye Clean: Clean the affected eye with a clean, damp cloth or gauze pad to remove any discharge, debris, or crust. You may also use saline solution or an eye wash recommended by your veterinarian.
• Apply Eye Drops or Ointments: Your veterinarian may prescribe eye drops or ointments to treat the infection or inflammation. Follow the instructions carefully and apply them as directed.
• Give Medications: In some cases, oral medications may be necessary to treat the underlying cause of conjunctivitis. Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections, antivirals for viral infections, and antihistamines for allergies.
• Provide Comfort: Conjunctivitis can be uncomfortable for dogs, so it's important to provide them with a comfortable environment. Keep them away from bright light, dust, and other irritants that may aggravate the condition. You may also use a cone or Elizabethan collar to prevent them from rubbing or scratching the affected eye.

1. Recommended medication 

Cefadroxil is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as infections of the skin, eye, ear, throat, tonsils, and urinary tract. Cefadroxil is in a class of medications called cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria.

Cefadroxil Anti-inflammatory Tablets+ best eye drops for dog conjunctivitis( Neomycin Sulfate )

2. Recommended medication

Cefadroxil Anti-inflammatory Tablets+ Hydrocortisone Acetate Eye Drops

Prevention of Conjunctivitis in Dogs 

Conjunctivitis in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors such as allergies, infections, and foreign objects. Here are some ways to prevent conjunctivitis in dogs:

• Keep your dog's eyes clean: Wipe your dog's eyes with a damp cloth regularly to remove any discharge or debris that may have accumulated.
• Avoid exposure to irritants: Keep your dog away from dust, smoke, and other irritants that can cause inflammation of the conjunctiva.
• Maintain good hygiene: Clean your dog's face, ears, and paws regularly to prevent the spread of bacteria that can cause conjunctivitis.
• Keep your dog's vaccinations up-to-date: Vaccinations can prevent infections that can cause conjunctivitides, such as canine distemper and canine adenovirus.
• Avoid sharing eye medication: If your dog has been prescribed eye medication, do not share it with other pets as this can spread infection.
• Regular veterinary check-ups: Regular check-ups with your veterinarian can help catch any eye problems early and prevent them from developing into more serious conditions.

By following these tips, you can help prevent your dog from developing conjunctivitis and keep their eyes healthy. If you notice any signs of conjunctivitis, such as redness, discharge, or swelling, consult your veterinarian immediately.

Home Remedies for Conjunctivitis in Dogs

Home treatment aims to keep the eyes lubricated and clean.

• Use an eye wash. This solution can be bought without a prescription at any pharmacy. Always remove excess discharge from the eye before applying the medication.

• If the discharge is difficult to remove, then you can apply a hot compress to the eye for a few minutes to allow the discharge to drain more smoothly from the eye.
• Keep the hair around your dog's face tidy and trim it short to make it easier to keep the eyes clean.
• Make regular visits to repeatedly assess the condition of the eyes.
• Monitor the dog's eyes closely for changes. If, after treatment, the discharge from the eye instead becomes more and more profuse or the redness becomes worse, then you need to have your dog re-evaluated by your vet as soon as possible.

Will My Dog Recover from Conjunctivitis?

Most dogs have an excellent prognosis in most cases of conjunctivitis. Severe, chronic, or recurrent conjunctivitis may have a guarded prognosis, depending on the definitive diagnosis. Conditions such as KCS and immune-mediated disorders may require lifelong therapy.

FAQ

Can Dogs Get Pink Eye from Humans?

Yes, dogs can get pink eye from humans. If a human has pink eye, it is possible to transmit the infection to a dog through direct contact or by touching objects that have been contaminated with the virus or bacteria. Similarly, if a dog has pink eye, it is possible for humans to contract the infection from the dog.

How Long Does Conjunctivitis Last in a Dog?

Conjunctivitis in dogs, also known as "pink eye," can last for a few days to several weeks, depending on the severity of the infection and the underlying cause. Mild cases of conjunctivitis in dogs may resolve on their own within a few days without any treatment. However, if the infection is severe or caused by a bacterial or viral infection, it may require medication and can take several weeks to clear up completely.

Why Does My Dog Squint and Blink at Me?

Your dog may have an eye problem: Squinting and blinking can also be a sign that your dog is experiencing discomfort or pain in their eyes. Your dog may be squinting to protect their eyes from bright light, or they may be blinking excessively due to an eye infection or injury.

Do I Need to Take My Dog to The Vet for Conjunctivitis?

Yes, it's generally recommended to take your dog to the vet if you suspect they have conjunctivitis or any other eye problem. Conjunctivitis in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, foreign objects in the eye, or underlying health conditions. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, the condition can worsen and potentially lead to more serious complications.

A veterinarian will be able to examine your dog's eyes, determine the underlying cause of conjunctivitis, and prescribe appropriate treatment.