Dogs Overheat: Signs, Symptoms, & Prevention

As much as we love our furry friends, it's essential to remember that dogs are not immune to overheating. Just like humans, dogs are susceptible to heat-related issues, which can be dangerous or even fatal if not addressed promptly. In this article, we will explore the causes, signs, and prevention of overheating in dogs to ensure your beloved pet stays safe and comfortable during warm weather.

Why Does My Dog Overheat?

Dogs can overheat for several reasons, and it's essential to be aware of the factors that can lead to overheating, as it can be dangerous and even life-threatening for your furry friend. Here are some common reasons why dogs may overheat:

Limited Sweat Glands

Dogs have sweat glands, but they are not as numerous or effective as humans' sweat glands. Dogs primarily regulate their body temperature by panting, which allows them to release heat through their respiratory system and tongue. This method is less efficient than sweating, making them more susceptible to overheating.

High Activity Levels

Dogs are often active animals, and vigorous physical activity generates heat. If they're exercised vigorously in hot weather, it can lead to overheating if they don't have the opportunity to cool down adequately.

Dog Breeds that Overheat Easily

Breeds with flat faces, such as Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boxers, are more prone to overheating because their shorter airways make it harder for them to cool down through panting. These breeds are especially susceptible to hot and humid conditions.

Heatstroke in Dogs

Heatstroke is a severe condition where a dog's body temperature rises to dangerous levels. Symptoms include excessive panting, drooling, lethargy, vomiting, and collapse. Heatstroke requires immediate medical attention and can be life-threatening.

Obesity

Overweight or obese dogs are at a higher risk of overheating. Excess body fat can act as insulation, making it harder for them to dissipate heat effectively. Additionally, overweight dogs may have reduced fitness levels, which can make them more susceptible to overheating during physical activity.

Lack of Access to Water

Hydration is essential for maintaining a dog's body temperature. If a dog does not have access to clean and fresh water, they may become dehydrated, making it difficult for them to regulate their body temperature effectively. Dehydration can exacerbate the risk of overheating.

What Happens When a Dog Overheats?

When a dog overheats, it can lead to a condition known as heatstroke, which is a serious and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. Heatstroke occurs when a dog's body temperature rises to dangerously high levels, typically above 104°F (40°C). Here's what happens when a dog overheats:

• Increased Panting: Initially, a dog will pant more heavily to try to cool down. Panting is their primary means of releasing excess heat.

• Excessive Salivation: As they continue to pant, dogs may produce excessive saliva.

• Rapid Heart Rate and Pulse: The dog's heart rate will increase as their body tries to circulate blood to cool down and maintain normal functions.

• Dehydration: Overheating can lead to dehydration, as excessive panting and sweating cause the loss of fluids and electrolytes.

• Weakness and Lethargy: The dog may become weak, lethargic, and unsteady on their feet.

• Bright Red Gums and Tongue: The gums and tongue may become bright red or even purple due to increased blood flow to the skin's surface.

• Vomiting and Diarrhea: Heatstroke can lead to gastrointestinal distress, and the dog may vomit or have diarrhea.

• Disorientation and Confusion: As the body temperature continues to rise, the dog may become disoriented, confused, and may even exhibit neurological symptoms such as seizures.

• Collapse: In severe cases, the dog may collapse and become unresponsive.

• Organ Failure: Prolonged overheating can lead to multiple organ failure, which is life-threatening. Organ failure can affect the liver, kidneys, and other vital systems.

What to Do If Dog Overheats?

If you suspect that your dog is overheating or experiencing heatstroke, it's crucial to take immediate action to cool them down and seek veterinary care. Here's what you can do:

• Move the dog to a cooler area, preferably with shade.

• Offer them water to drink but don't force them to drink.

• Wet their fur with cool (not ice-cold) water. You can use a hose, wet towels, or a cool bath.

• Use a fan to help evaporate the water from their body.

• Avoid using ice or very cold water, as it can constrict blood vessels and make it harder for the dog to cool down.

• Monitor their body temperature with a thermometer until it reaches around 103°F (39.4°C), then stop cooling efforts.

How Long Does it Take for a Dog to Overheat?

In hot and humid conditions, a dog can overheat in as little as 15 to 30 minutes, particularly if they engage in strenuous exercise or lack access to shade and water. Vulnerable groups like puppies and senior dogs are at a higher risk of overheating because they may have difficulty regulating their body temperature as effectively as adult dogs. It's important to be especially cautious with these factors in mind and take preventative measures to protect your dog from overheating during hot weather.

Do Dogs Overheat Faster Than Humans?

Yes, dogs are more susceptible to overheating and heat-related illnesses compared to humans. This heightened vulnerability is primarily attributed to the differences in their cooling mechanisms.

Dogs primarily rely on panting to cool down, while humans benefit from the ability to sweat through sweat glands spread throughout their bodies. Panting, while effective to some extent, is less efficient at dissipating heat when compared to sweating.

Dogs further face challenges with their fur coats, which can trap heat, especially in breeds with long or thick fur. Unlike humans who can adjust their clothing in response to the weather, dogs are constrained by their natural fur. While dogs have a few sweat glands in their paw pads, these are insufficient for effective temperature regulation.

In contrast, humans possess millions of sweat glands that efficiently cool the body through perspiration. Additionally, dogs have a higher body temperature range than humans, making them more prone to rapid temperature spikes when they do overheat, potentially leading to dangerous conditions like heatstroke.

Do Dogs Throw Up When They Overheat?

Yes, dogs can vomit (throw up) when they overheat, but it's not a direct symptom of overheating itself. Vomiting may occur as a secondary response to overheating due to the stress and distress that heatstroke or overheating can cause on a dog's body.

When a dog overheats or experiences heatstroke, their body goes through a series of physiological changes, including excessive panting, increased heart rate, and dehydration. These changes can lead to stress and discomfort, which may induce vomiting in some dogs. Vomiting can also occur if a dog has ingested something they shouldn't have while outdoors in hot weather, which can compound the heat-related issues.

While vomiting is not a primary symptom of overheating, it's essential to recognize it as a potential sign of distress in a overheated dog.

How to Keep Your Dog From Overheating?

If you think your dog is overheating, advises that you quickly move them to a cool place and immediately spray cool (not cold or icy) water on the coat, ensuring it reaches the skin. Cold water tends to constrict the surface blood vessels in the skin and this reduces, instead of increases, heat loss. Here are other ways to help prevent overheating in dogs:

• Provide adequate water and shade, especially during hot weather. Limit their outdoor exposure in high temperatures.

• Use cooling products like vests, wraps, mats, and beds to help keep your dog cool and comfortable.

• Avoid leaving your dog in a car, even for a short time, as temperatures can rise dangerously quickly inside a closed vehicle.

• Allow your dog to gradually acclimate to hot weather, and avoid strenuous exercise on hot, humid days.

• Maintain a Cool Home: Keep your home cool on warm days, and consider installing a temperature alarm in case of air conditioning failures.

• Avoid placing crated dogs in poorly ventilated areas or under tents, as this can lead to overheating.

• Be cautious when using dog dryers, especially cage dryers, to prevent overheating.

• If available, use an electric fan to help draw heat from your dog's body surface, and manually fan an overheated dog if necessary.

• Limit strenuous physical activity, especially during the hottest parts of the day. 

• If your dog enjoys water, consider letting them swim in a safe and clean environment. 

Conclusion

Overheating can pose serious health risks to dogs, but with proper care and attention, these issues can be prevented. Be vigilant during hot weather, and always prioritize your dog's comfort and safety. Recognizing the signs of overheating and taking immediate action can make a significant difference in your furry friend's well-being. Keep your dog hydrated, provide shade, and exercise responsibly to ensure that both you and your beloved pet enjoy a safe and happy summer season together.