Cat Third Eyelid Infection​

The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane, is a fascinating anatomical feature in cats that serves as an additional layer of eye protection. While this structure usually remains hidden, its visibility or inflammation can indicate an underlying issue. A third eyelid infection in cats can lead to discomfort, redness, and other noticeable symptoms, signaling the need for prompt veterinary attention.

This article explores the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and frequently asked questions about cat third eyelid infections to help cat owners understand and manage this condition effectively.

Understanding the Cat's Third Eyelid

What Is the Third Eyelid?

The third eyelid is a thin, protective membrane located in the inner corner of a cat’s eye. Its primary roles include:

• Shielding the eye from debris and injury.
• Distributing tears across the eye to maintain moisture and prevent dryness.
• Acting as an immune defense with lymphoid tissue to combat infection.

In a healthy cat, the third eyelid is only visible during blinking or when the eye is irritated.

What Happens in a Third Eyelid Infection?

When the third eyelid becomes infected, it may appear swollen, red, or covered in discharge. The infection can stem from bacteria, viruses, trauma, or foreign particles. Left untreated, this condition can lead to discomfort and potential complications, such as secondary infections.

Causes of Third Eyelid Infection in Cats

Several factors can lead to infections of the third eyelid:

1. Bacterial Infections

• Bacteria can invade the tissue of the third eyelid due to trauma, scratches, or foreign bodies.
• Common bacteria include Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species.

2. Viral Infections

• Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) is a major culprit in eye infections, including third eyelid involvement.
• Viral infections often recur, especially during stress.

3. Trauma or Foreign Bodies

• A scratch, insect bite, or trapped debris can irritate the third eyelid, leading to inflammation and secondary infection.

4. Dry Eye Syndrome (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca)

• When tear production is insufficient, the third eyelid may become irritated and prone to infection.

5. Parasites

• Certain parasites, like Thelazia (eyeworm), can infect the eye and third eyelid, causing inflammation and discomfort.

6. Underlying Systemic Illness

• Conditions like feline calicivirus or chlamydia can involve the third eyelid as part of broader symptoms.

Symptoms of Third Eyelid Infection in Cats

Recognizing the signs of a third eyelid infection is crucial for timely intervention. Common symptoms include:

1. Swelling and Redness

   • The third eyelid appears inflamed or enlarged.

2. Discharge

   • Watery, mucous, or pus-like discharge may be present, often collecting in the corner of the eye.

3. Increased Visibility

   • The third eyelid remains visible or partially covers the eye when the cat is awake.

4. Eye Irritation

   • The cat may paw at its eye, squint, or blink excessively.

5. General Discomfort

   • Cats may seem lethargic, irritable, or less playful.

6. Other Eye Issues

   • Redness of the conjunctiva, cloudiness, or changes in pupil size may accompany the infection.

Diagnosing Third Eyelid Infections in Cats

Veterinarians typically perform the following steps to diagnose a third eyelid infection:

1. Physical Examination

   • A thorough examination of the eye, including checking for foreign bodies or trauma.

2. Fluorescein Staining

   • A dye test to check for corneal ulcers or scratches that could contribute to the infection.

3. Swab and Culture

   • A sample of discharge may be taken to identify specific bacteria or pathogens causing the infection.

4. Tear Production Test

   • To rule out dry eye syndrome as a contributing factor.

5. Blood Tests

   • In some cases, systemic illnesses may require further investigation.

Treatment Options for Third Eyelid Infections

Treatment for a third eyelid infection focuses on addressing the underlying cause and alleviating symptoms.

1. Medications

• Antibiotic Eye Drops or Ointments: These are prescribed for bacterial infections.
• Antiviral Medications: For viral infections, such as those caused by feline herpesvirus.
• Anti-inflammatory Drugs: To reduce swelling and discomfort.
• Lubricating Eye Drops: For conditions like dry eye syndrome.

2. Removal of Foreign Bodies

• If debris or a foreign object is causing the infection, it will be carefully removed by the vet.

3. Parasite Treatment

• Deworming medication or direct removal of parasites like eyeworms may be necessary.

4. Home Care and Hygiene

• Gently cleaning the eye area with a vet-recommended solution can help reduce discharge and prevent further irritation.

5. Addressing Systemic Illnesses

• Treating underlying conditions like feline herpesvirus or calicivirus is essential for full recovery.

Prevention of Third Eyelid Infections

While not all infections can be prevented, certain steps can minimize the risk:

1. Regular Eye Checks

   • Inspect your cat's eyes for any signs of redness, swelling, or discharge.

2. Routine Vaccination

   • Vaccinations against feline herpesvirus and calicivirus can reduce the likelihood of eye infections.

3. Parasite Prevention

   • Use regular flea and worm preventatives to protect against parasites.

4. Safe Environment

   • Reduce your cat's exposure to potential eye irritants, such as dust, smoke, or sharp objects.

5. Proper Nutrition

   • A balanced diet strengthens the immune system, helping your cat fight off infections.

FAQs About Cat Third Eyelid Infection

1. What Does an Infected Third Eyelid Look Like in Cats?

• An infected third eyelid appears red, swollen, and may partially cover the eye. You may notice discharge ranging from clear and watery to thick and yellowish, depending on the severity of the infection.

2. How Do You Treat a Cat’s Third Eyelid Infection?

• Treatment typically involves prescription antibiotic or antiviral eye drops, anti-inflammatory medications, and addressing the underlying cause (e.g., removing foreign objects or treating systemic illnesses).

3. Can a Third Eyelid Infection Heal on Its Own?

• Minor irritations may resolve without intervention, but infections usually require treatment to prevent complications. Delaying treatment can lead to chronic issues or more severe infections.

4. Is a Visible Third Eyelid Always a Sign of Infection?

• No, a visible third eyelid may also indicate other conditions, such as Haws syndrome, dehydration, or systemic illness. If the eyelid remains visible for more than 24 hours, consult a veterinarian.

5. When Should I See a Vet for My Cat’s Third Eyelid?

• Seek veterinary care if the third eyelid is red, swollen, or producing discharge, or if your cat shows signs of pain, lethargy, or loss of appetite.

Conclusion

A third eyelid infection in cats, while often manageable, requires prompt attention to avoid discomfort and complications. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options empowers cat owners to take swift action and ensure their feline companions receive the care they need. By staying vigilant, maintaining good eye hygiene, and seeking veterinary help when necessary, you can protect your cat’s vision and overall health for years to come.