Dog with Purple Tongue: Decoding the Special Characteristics and Health of the Dog

Dogs are one of man's closest pets, and their unique characteristics and behaviors have always been a focus of attention. One of these striking features is a dog's purple tongue. In this article, we'll explore the mysteries behind dogs' purple tongues, learn what they mean and how they affect the dog's health.

Why Do Some Dogs Have Purple Tongues?

1. Breeds

Some dogs have purple tongues due to their breed characteristics. The most well-known breed with a purple tongue is the Chow Chow. Chow Chows are known for their distinctive blue-black tongues, which can appear purple. This characteristic is considered a breed standard for Chow Chows and is not typically associated with any health issues or diseases. But Chow Chow puppies are actually born with a pink tongue. When the tongue begins to darken to a bluish-purple color at about 8 to 10 weeks of age, it may leave a few pink spots.

It's important to note that while Chow Chows are the most commonly associated breed with purple tongues, there may be individual dogs of other breeds or mixed breeds that also have this trait. Such as:

• Shar-Pei

• Eurasier

• Phu Quoc Ridgeback

• Akitas

• Airedales

• Dalmatians

• German Shepherds

• Golden Retrievers

• Tibetan Mastiff

If your dog’s tongue is purple, is spotted, or you see a single black spot on dog's tongue, it’s typically not a cause for concern. These pigmented skin cells on the tongue are completely normal and are comparable to a birthmark.

Why Are Chow Chow Dog's Tongue Purple?

The distinctive blue-black tongue of Chow Chows and some other breeds is an intriguing genetic trait. While the exact genetic mechanism behind the development of a purple tongue in dogs is not fully understood,

Chow Chows are an ancient breed with a distinct genetic heritage, and the purple tongue is considered a breed-specific trait. The exact origin and purpose of this characteristic in Chow Chows are unclear, but it is believed to be related to the presence and distribution of melanin.

Melanin is a pigment responsible for the coloration of various body parts, including skin, hair, and certain mucous membranes, such as the tongue. It comes in two forms: eumelanin, which is responsible for black or brown coloration, and pheomelanin, which produces yellow to red hues.

In dogs with purple tongues, there is an increased concentration of eumelanin in the tongue tissue. This abundance of eumelanin leads to the unique blue-black coloration.

2. Diseases

If your dog is not one of the breeds described above but has a purple tongue, it may be due to a specific condition or disease. In this case, it is recommended to consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Tongue and Dog Health Issues

The color of a dog's tongue can sometimes indicate certain health issues or conditions. Here are some potential causes for the different colors of a dog's tongue:

Blue or Purple Tongue

As mentioned earlier, a blue or purple tongue is commonly seen in Chow Chows and is considered normal for this breed. However, if a dog from another breed has a persistently blue or purple tongue, it could indicate a lack of oxygen or circulation problems. This requires immediate veterinary attention.

White Tongue

A white tongue in dogs is not commonly observed and may indicate an underlying health problem. It could be a sign of anemia, immune system disorders, oral thrush (fungal infection), or leukoplakia (a condition causing white patches on the tongue). 

Yellow Tongue

A yellow tongue in dogs can be associated with various conditions. It may be a result of jaundice, liver dysfunction, or gastrointestinal issues. Other symptoms such as yellowing of the eyes or gums, loss of appetite, or lethargy may also be present. 

Black Tongue

A black tongue can be a normal pigmentation variation in some dogs. However, if the color suddenly changes or there are other accompanying symptoms, it could indicate a potential issue. For example, a black tongue with inflammation, sores, or a foul odor may suggest an infection, injury, or oral health problem. 

3. Cold Temperatures

Excessive exposure to cold temperatures can cause peripheral vasoconstriction, where blood vessels narrow, reducing blood flow to the extremities. This can result in a bluish or pale appearance of the tongue due to reduced blood circulation.

4. Methemoglobinemia

Methemoglobin is an altered form of hemoglobin that cannot effectively transport oxygen. Methemoglobinemia can occur due to certain medications, chemicals, or genetic factors. It can lead to a bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes, including the tongue.

5. Chemical Exposure

Certain chemicals or toxins can affect the tongue color in dogs. For example, ingestion of substances containing copper, such as certain medications or copper-based compounds, can result in copper toxicity. This can lead to liver damage, anemia, and a bluish tint to the tongue.

6. Addison's Disease

Addison's disease, or hypoadrenocorticism, is a hormonal disorder affecting the adrenal glands. In some cases, it can cause a condition called the Addisonian crisis

Is a Blue Tongue in a Dog Treatable?

The treatment for a blue tongue will depend on the underlying cause. It is essential to take your dog to a veterinarian as soon as possible for a thorough examination and diagnosis. The veterinarian may perform tests such as blood work, X-rays, or ultrasounds to determine the underlying cause of the blue tongue.

In case of poisoning or chemical exposure, treatment may require gastric lavage.

If the cause is exposure to cold temperatures, treatment may include heating the affected area.

Remember, a blue tongue in a dog is not a normal or benign condition, and it should never be ignored or taken lightly. Contact a veterinarian immediately if you observe a blue tongue or any signs of respiratory distress or circulation problems in your dog.