Staph Infection in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Staphylococcus (staph) bacteria are commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of both humans and animals. Staphylococcus is a genus of bacteria that includes various species of Gram-positive, spherical, and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. These bacteria are commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and many other animals. While some species of Staphylococcus are harmless and even part of the normal human microbiota, others can cause a range of infections, from mild skin infections to severe and life-threatening diseases.

One of the most well-known species within the Staphylococcus genus is Staphylococcus aureus.  Staph infections in dogs which most infections are Staphylococcus aureus, also known as canine staphylococcal dermatitis, can cause discomfort and health issues if left untreated.  This article explores the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of staph infections in dogs.

Types of Staphylococcal Infection in Dogs

Here are some types of Staphylococcus infections that can affect dogs:

Superficial Pyoderma

This is one of the most common types of Staphylococcus infections in dogs. It refers to bacterial skin infections that affect the superficial layers of the skin, leading to symptoms like redness, inflammation, pustules, itching, and hair loss. It can be localized or generalized.

Deep Pyoderma

This is a more severe form of pyoderma where the infection extends deeper into the skin layers. It can lead to the formation of painful abscesses, nodules, and draining tracts. Deep pyoderma often requires more intensive treatment, including antibiotics and sometimes surgical intervention.

Otitis Externa

Staphylococcus infections can also affect a dog's ears, causing otitis externa, which is inflammation of the external ear canal. This can lead to itching, discomfort, foul odor, and discharge from the ears.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Staphylococcus bacteria can occasionally cause urinary tract infections in dogs. Symptoms may include frequent urination, straining to urinate, blood in the urine, and discomfort.

Wound Infections

Staphylococcus bacteria can infect wounds or surgical incisions, leading to delayed wound healing, redness, swelling, and potential complications.

Respiratory Infections

While less common, Staphylococcus infections can also affect a dog's respiratory tract, causing symptoms like coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and fever.

Bloodstream infections

When the bacteria enter the bloodstream, it can lead to a condition called bacteremia, which can become severe and cause sepsis.

Bone and joint infections

Staphylococcus aureus can cause infections in bones and joints, such as osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.

Toxic shock syndrome

This is a rare but severe condition caused by the release of toxins produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

This article will only discuss the symptoms, treatment and prevention of cutaneous pyoderma caused by staphylococcus in dogs

What Does A Staph Infection Look Like On A Dog?

Staphylococcal infections in dogs, caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus spp., can vary in appearance depending on the stage of the infection. 

Early Stage Dog Skin Staph Infection

In the early stages, a staph infection might present as redness, irritation, and mild inflammation of the affected area. Small, raised pustules or pimples may develop on the skin. 

Secondary Stage Dog Skin Staph Infection

As the infection progresses, inflammation and redness can become more pronounced. The pustules might develop into larger lesions, which could be filled with pus. These lesions can be round, raised, and might have a crust on top. Hair loss can occur around the affected area due to the infection and the dog's scratching.

Later Stages Dog Skin Staph Infection

The lesions may become more open and ulcerated. The skin might look raw, and the dog might be in discomfort. Crusting and scabbing can be more extensive due to the ongoing inflammation and discharge. In late-stage infections, secondary bacterial or fungal infections might develop due to the compromised state of the skin.

What Causes Staph Infection in Dogs?

Some common causes of staph infections in dogs include:

Weakened Immune System

Dogs with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infections, including staph infections. This can result from conditions such as chronic illness, malnutrition, or the use of immunosuppressive medications. Puppies and senior dogs are often more susceptible to infections due to their developing or weakened immune systems, respectively.

Skin Injuries

Any breaks in the skin, such as cuts, wounds, scratches, or even insect bites, can provide an entry point for Staphylococcus bacteria to invade and cause infection.

Underlying Skin Conditions

Dogs with pre-existing skin conditions, like seborrhea (an abnormal skin condition involving excessive oil production) or folliculitis (hair follicle inflammation), are more susceptible to secondary staph infections.

Allergies

Allergic reactions in dogs, such as atopic dermatitis or flea allergy dermatitis, can cause skin inflammation and itching. Constant scratching and chewing can damage the skin's protective barrier, making it easier for bacteria to invade and cause infection.

Poor Hygiene

Dogs with inadequate hygiene practices, such as infrequent bathing or grooming, are more prone to skin infections, including staph infections. Certain environmental conditions, such as high humidity or excessive moisture, can create an environment where Staphylococcus bacteria thrive, increasing the likelihood of infection.

How to Treat Staph Infection in Dogs?

Treating a staph infection in dogs involves both topical and systemic approaches, depending on the severity of the infection.

Less severe staph infections on the skin can be addressed using topical solutions such as a range of shampoos, sprays, and ointments containing diverse ingredients. Conversely, more severe skin infections necessitate systemic antibiotics, usually administered orally, though occasionally through injections.

Dog Staph Infection Home Remedy

For milder staph infections on the skin, topical treatments can be effective. These may include:

1. Antibacterial Shampoo

Medicated shampoos containing ingredients like chlorhexidine or benzoyl peroxide can help cleanse the skin and control bacterial growth. Or choose a body wash with natural ingredients, such as chamomile, rosemary, ginseng, and coconut oils, which are mild, non-irritating and anti-bacterial.

Created with utmost care, this shower gel is a fragrant symphony of herbal essences aimed at addressing allergies, and itching, and revitalizing both your skin and hair. Harnessing the power of Chamomile, Rosemary, Sophora flavescens, and the nourishing properties of Coconut Oil which are all natural ingredients that have been suggested to have various beneficial properties, including potential antibacterial effects.

2. Antibacterial Sprays

Topical sprays that contain antibacterial agents can be applied to affected areas to help control infection and promote healing.

Details Kills more than 650 kinds of bacteria and fungi in minutes. Penetrate 2mm subcutaneously for antibacterial purposes. Good for wound healing, skin renewing, and itching relief, and it has great antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Nano-silver particles are applied with slow-release technology.

3. Topical Ointments

Antibiotic or antiseptic ointments can be applied directly to the infected skin. Make sure to follow your vet's guidance on application and frequency.

It contains metronidazole against most anaerobes, menthol for itch relief, and essential oil. It works quickly and can be absorbed well. Ingredients Metronidazole, Ketoconazole, Menthol.

4. E-Collar

Prevent your dog from licking or scratching the affected area by using an Elizabethan collar (E-collar) as directed by your vet.

For more serious skin infections, systemic antibiotics are often necessary. These antibiotics are usually administered orally (by mouth) but can also be given through injections. Common antibiotics used to treat staph infections in dogs include cephalexin, clindamycin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

FAQs

Can I Get Staph Infection From My Dog?

Yes, it is possible to contract a staph infection from your dog. If your dog is carrying staph bacteria on its skin, you could potentially become infected if the bacteria enter your body through cuts, scrapes, or other openings in the skin. Additionally, close contact with your dog, such as petting, grooming, or handling, could also increase the risk of transmission.

Can A Staph Infection Kill A Dog?

Yes, a staph infection can potentially be serious and even fatal for dogs, depending on the severity of the infection and the overall health of the dog. If a staph infection is not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can worsen and spread, leading to more serious complications.

Is Staph Infection in Dogs Curable?

Yes, in most cases, with timely and appropriate treatment, staph infections in dogs can be resolved. Avoid attempting to treat the infection on your own, as improper treatment can worsen the condition or lead to antibiotic resistance.

Is A Staph Infection in A Dog An Emergency?

Yes, the location of the infection is important. Infections near vital organs, joints, or sensitive areas can be more concerning. If the dog shows signs of systemic illness, such as high fever, difficulty breathing, or significant weakness, it could be an indication of a severe infection that requires immediate attention.

Conclusion

Staph infections in dogs can cause discomfort and health problems if not addressed promptly. By understanding the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of these infections, dog owners can take proactive measures to maintain their pets' skin health. If you suspect your dog has a staph infection, seeking veterinary care is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.