Understanding Spondylosis in Dogs: Symptoms, Treatment, and Care

Spondylosis, also known as deforming spondylosis, is a degenerative condition that affects the spine of dogs, especially as they age. This article delves into the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and home care strategies for managing spondylosis in dogs.

What is spondylosis in dogs?

Spondylosis in dogs is characterized by the formation of bone spurs, or osteophytes, along the edges of the vertebrae of the spine. These bony growths develop in response to aging, injury, or instability of the spine, and serve as an attempt by the body to stabilize the affected area. Over time, these spurs can form bridges between the vertebrae, leading to stiffness and reduced flexibility. 

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of spondylosis in dogs:

• Aging: It is most often seen in older dogs due to the natural wear and tear of the spine over time.

• Genetics: Certain breeds may have a predisposition to developing spinal problems.

• Spinal injuries: Past injuries can lead to instability, leading to the formation of bony growths.

• Obesity: Excess weight puts extra pressure on the spine, which can accelerate degenerative changes. 

Symptoms of Spondylosis in Dogs

Many dogs with spondylosis remain asymptomatic, meaning they show no outward signs of discomfort. However, when symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Stiffness: Particularly noticeable after rest or in the morning.
  
  

• Reduced mobility: Difficulty jumping, running or climbing stairs.

• Pain: Tenderness when touching your back or during movement.

• Gait disturbance: A change in walking pattern, such as a hunched or limping back.

• Muscle atrophy: Loss of muscle mass, especially in the hind limbs, due to decreased activity.

It is essential to monitor your dog for these signs and consult a veterinarian if they arise.

Can spondylosis cause paralysis or incontinence in dogs?

In severe cases, spondylosis can lead to complications such as:

• Paralysis: If bone growths impinge on the spinal cord or nerve roots, it can lead to partial or complete paralysis. 

• Incontinence: Compression of the nerves that control bladder and bowel function can lead to loss of control over these functions. 

While these results are less common, they underscore the importance of early detection and treatment.

Diagnosis of Spondylosis in Dogs

A definitive diagnosis usually involves the following:

• Physical Examination: Evaluation of the dog's range of motion, pain response, and overall mobility.

• Imaging studies: X-rays are the main tool, as they reveal the presence and extent of bone spurs. In some cases, advanced imaging such as MRIs or CT scans may be recommended to assess soft tissue involvement. 

Treatment Options for Spondylosis in Dogs

Although spondylosis is a progressive condition that has no cure, several treatments can control symptoms and improve quality of life:

• Pain management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. Always consult a veterinarian before administering any medication. 

• Physical therapy: Techniques such as hydrotherapy, massage, and controlled exercises can improve mobility and strengthen supporting muscles. 
  
  

• Weight management: Maintaining an optimal weight reduces stress on the spine, relieving symptoms.

• Surgery: In rare cases where nerve compression is severe, surgical intervention may be considered to remove bone growths. 

Home Care Strategies for Dogs with Spondylosis

Implementing supportive measures at home can significantly help in the management of spondylosis:

• Orthopedic bedding: Provides support and relieves pressure on the spine during rest.

• Ramps and steps: Help dogs access furniture or vehicles without the need to jump, minimizing strain on the spine. 

• Regular, gentle exercise: Engaging in low-impact activities helps maintain flexibility and muscle strength.

• Supplements: Consult with your veterinarian about incorporating supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin to support joint health. 
  
  
  
  Recovery timeline:

  Spondylosis in dogs is a progressive and irreversible condition, meaning that it does not fully "recover" in the traditional sense. However, with proper management, dogs can improve significantly within a few weeks or months, depending on the severity and treatment plan.

  Recovery timeline based on treatment approaches

  1. Medication and pain management (NSAIDs, muscle relaxants) → 2 to 4 weeks for noticeable improvement.

  2. Physical therapy and exercise (hydrotherapy, gentle walking) → 4-8 weeks to increase mobility and reduce stiffness.

  3. Weight management and lifestyle adjustments (orthopedic bedding, ramps) → continuous, with improvements over weeks or months.

  4. Surgery (if necessary) → 6-12 weeks for post-surgical healing and rehabilitation.

  Long-term outlook

  With constant care, dogs with spondylosis can lead a comfortable and active life for years. Regular veterinary check-ups, personalized exercise, and pain management are key to maintaining quality of life.
  
  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long can my dog live with spondylosis?

Spondylosis usually does not have a significant impact on a dog's lifespan. With proper management, dogs can enjoy a normal life expectancy. 

What are the warning signs of spondylosis?

Key indicators include stiffness, reduced mobility, pain when touching the back, impaired gait, and muscle atrophy.

Is walking good for dogs with spondylosis?

Yes, regular, gentle walks can help maintain mobility and muscle strength. However, it is essential to adapt the activity to your dog's comfort level and avoid overexertion.

What are the three stages of spondylosis?

The progression of spondylosis can be classified as:

1. Early stage: Minor bone growths begin to form, often with no noticeable symptoms.

2. Moderate stage: Bone spurs increase in size, leading to stiffness and occasional discomfort.

3. Advanced stage: The vertebrae can fuse due to extensive bone growth, which reduces flexibility and can cause nerve pain or compression.

What is the life expectancy with spondylosis?

Spondylosis itself does not significantly shorten a dog's lifespan. Proper management, including pain relief and supportive care, allows most dogs to live full lives despite the condition.

What triggers spondylosis?

The main triggers include aging, genetic predisposition, past spinal cord injuries, obesity, and repetitive stress on the spine.

What dog breeds are prone to spondylosis?

Large and giant breeds tend to be more susceptible, including:

• German Shepherds

• Boxers

• Doberman Pinschers

• Great Dane

• Labrador Retriever

However, spondylosis can occur in any breed, especially as they age.

Conclusion

Spondylosis in dogs is a common condition of the spine, particularly in older pets. While it can't be cured, proper treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and home care can help manage the condition and ensure that your dog continues to live a happy and comfortable life. If you notice any signs of spondylosis, consult a veterinarian for an early diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.