Normal Dog Heart Rate

A dog's heart rate is a vital indicator of their overall health and well-being. Like humans, dogs can experience variations in heart rate depending on factors such as age, size, breed, and activity level. However, when a dog's heart rate becomes dangerously high, it can signal an underlying health problem that requires immediate attention.

In this article, we will explore the normal heart rate for dogs, what constitutes a dangerously high heart rate, the location of a dog’s heart, how to check their heart rate, risks associated with an irregular heartbeat, and what to do if your dog’s heart is beating too fast.

Normal Dog Heart Rate

A normal heart rate for dogs varies depending on factors like size, breed, and physical condition. In general:

• Small dogs and puppies typically have faster heart rates, ranging from 120 to 160 beats per minute (bpm).
• Medium to large-sized dogs usually have a heart rate between 60 to 120 bpm.
• Puppies may even experience a heart rate as high as 180 bpm, particularly when they are very active.

For healthy adult dogs at rest, their heart rate should fall within the 60 to 140 bpm range. Active dogs may have higher heart rates during exercise, but these rates should gradually return to normal once the dog calms down and rests. It’s important to monitor these changes to identify what is typical for your individual dog.

What is a Dangerously High Heart Rate for Dogs?

A dangerously high heart rate in dogs, also known as tachycardia, occurs when the heart beats faster than normal for an extended period, even when the dog is at rest. The threshold for a dangerously high heart rate varies depending on the size and age of the dog, but a resting heart rate exceeding 160 bpm in medium or large dogs or 180 bpm in small dogs and puppies is generally considered too high.

In cases where a dog's heart rate rises above these limits without a clear reason, such as exercise or excitement, it may signal a serious condition. Tachycardia can be associated with heart disease, heatstroke, dehydration, infections, or other systemic health issues.

Where is a Dog’s Heart?

A dog’s heart is located on the left side of its chest, roughly behind the elbow of the front left leg. It is positioned between the third and sixth ribs. Knowing the location of your dog's heart can help you accurately check their heart rate and detect any abnormalities.

How to Check a Dog's Heart Rate

Monitoring your dog’s heart rate at home can be a useful skill, especially if they are showing signs of distress or illness. Here’s how you can check your dog’s heart rate:

1. Locate the Heartbeat

To find your dog’s heartbeat, place your hand or a stethoscope on the left side of their chest, just behind the elbow. You may need to gently press to feel the pulse, particularly in dogs with a thicker coat or body fat. Alternatively, you can feel for the pulse on the femoral artery, which is located in the inner thigh of your dog’s hind leg.

2. Count the Beats

Once you locate the heartbeat, count the number of beats you feel in 15 seconds. Multiply this number by 4 to get the heart rate in beats per minute (bpm). For example, if you count 30 beats in 15 seconds, your dog’s heart rate would be 120 bpm (30 x 4 = 120).

3. Evaluate the Rate

Compare the calculated bpm to the normal heart rate range for your dog's size and breed. If the heart rate is significantly above or below the normal range, it may warrant further investigation or a visit to the vet.

4. Consider the Circumstances

Remember that activity, stress, and excitement can temporarily increase your dog's heart rate. If your dog is active or excited, wait until they are calm before checking their resting heart rate. For an accurate reading, check their heart rate while they are relaxed and at rest.

Irregular Heartbeat in Dogs: Associated Risks

An irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, is when the heart beats too fast, too slow, or with an abnormal rhythm. While some dogs may experience mild arrhythmias that have little effect on their health, others may have more serious conditions that require medical attention. 

There are different types of arrhythmias that can affect dogs:

1. Sinus Arrhythmia  

This type of irregular heartbeat is often considered normal in dogs, particularly in younger, healthy animals. It occurs when the heart rate fluctuates in sync with the dog’s breathing. Typically, the heart rate speeds up when the dog inhales and slows down when they exhale. Although it’s a form of arrhythmia, sinus arrhythmia is generally harmless and doesn’t require treatment.

2. Tachycardia

Tachycardia refers to a persistently elevated heart rate and can be dangerous if left untreated. It may result from factors such as heart disease, anemia, pain, infections, or endocrine disorders like hyperthyroidism. In severe cases, tachycardia can lead to heart failure.

3. Bradycardia

Bradycardia is when a dog’s heart rate is abnormally slow. This can be seen in dogs with hypothyroidism, heart disease, or electrolyte imbalances. While it may not immediately cause symptoms, bradycardia can eventually lead to fainting, weakness, or heart failure.

4. Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a more serious arrhythmia in which the upper chambers of the heart (atria) quiver instead of contracting properly. This can lead to poor blood circulation and may be associated with heart disease. Dogs with AFib often need medical intervention, such as medication or surgery, to correct the condition.

5. Ventricular Tachycardia

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a potentially life-threatening condition where the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart) beat very quickly. This can result in insufficient blood flow to the body and may cause collapse or sudden death. VT requires emergency veterinary care.

Risks of Irregular Heartbeats

Heart Failure:
Persistent irregular heartbeats can lead to heart failure, where the heart can no longer pump blood efficiently.

Reduced Blood Circulation:
Abnormal rhythms can lead to insufficient blood flow, causing fatigue, weakness, or fainting.

Increased Risk of Stroke:
Severe arrhythmias may cause blood clots, increasing the risk of stroke.

Sudden Death:
In the most extreme cases, irregular heartbeats such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia can cause sudden death.

What to Do if Your Dog’s Heart is Beating Fast

If you notice your dog’s heart rate is higher than normal, it’s essential to determine whether the increase is due to excitement, exercise, or something more serious. Here’s what you can do if your dog’s heart is beating too fast:

1. Calm Your Dog

If the elevated heart rate is due to excitement or activity, try to calm your dog. Bring them to a quiet, cool area and encourage them to lie down. Monitor their heart rate as they rest and check if it returns to normal after a few minutes.

2. Check for Other Symptoms

Look for additional signs of distress, such as rapid breathing, panting, weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, or collapse. These symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying problem, such as heatstroke, dehydration, or a heart condition.

3. Ensure Proper Hydration

If your dog has been active or is overheated, make sure they have access to water to prevent dehydration. Dehydration can exacerbate an elevated heart rate and cause further complications.
Also Read: How Much Water Do Dogs Need to Drink

4. Monitor for a Few Minutes

In cases where the heart rate increase is mild and there are no other symptoms, monitor your dog for a few minutes. If their heart rate returns to normal and they seem otherwise healthy, there may be no cause for concern.

5. Consult a Veterinarian

If your dog’s heart rate remains high or they exhibit other worrisome symptoms, contact your veterinarian immediately. A prolonged or excessively fast heart rate can be a sign of serious conditions such as heart disease, infection, or organ failure. Your vet may perform diagnostic tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-rays, or blood tests, to determine the cause.

6. Emergency Care

In cases where your dog collapses, has difficulty breathing, or shows signs of severe distress, seek emergency veterinary care right away. Fast and appropriate intervention can be life-saving in cases of tachycardia or other heart-related emergencies.

Conclusion

A dangerously high heart rate in dogs is a serious concern that can point to underlying health issues such as heart disease, infection, or dehydration. While dogs’ heart rates can fluctuate naturally based on size, breed, and activity, consistently high heart rates should not be ignored. By understanding your dog's normal heart rate, regularly checking their pulse, and being aware of the risks associated with irregular heartbeats, you can take the necessary steps to safeguard your dog’s heart health. Always consult your veterinarian if you notice any abnormalities or concerning symptoms to ensure your dog receives timely care.