How to Repair Achilles Tendon Rupture in A Dog

The Achilles tendon, also known as the common calcaneal tendon, is a crucial part of the anatomy in dogs, enabling the extension of the rear leg and playing a vital role in their ability to walk, run, and jump. When this tendon is ruptured, a dog can experience severe pain, loss of mobility, and require immediate medical attention. Achilles tendon injuries in dogs are often the result of trauma, such as jumping from a high place, slipping, or during vigorous exercise. This article will give dog parents a comprehensive understanding of dog Achilles tendon rupture after deep reading.

   

Ruptured Achilles Tendon in Dogs

A ruptured Achilles tendon in dogs is a more severe form of injury and can be either partial or complete. A partial rupture occurs when some of the tendon fibers are torn but not entirely severed, while a complete rupture means the tendon is entirely torn. The severity of the rupture will affect the treatment options available.
Also Read: Dog ACL Tear vs. Sprain

Diagnosis of an Achilles Tendon Rupture

To diagnose an Achilles tendon rupture, a veterinarian will typically:

• Perform a physical examination:
  This involves palpating the dog's hind leg to check for swelling, tenderness, or abnormal movement of the hock joint.
• Take X-rays:
  X-rays are often used to rule out fractures and see the position of the bones in the leg.
• Ultrasound or MRI:
  These imaging techniques provide detailed pictures of the soft tissue, helping to confirm the extent of the tendon injury.
• Gait analysis:
  Observing how the dog walks can offer clues to the injury's severity and whether the tendon is partially or completely torn.

How to Repair An Achilles Tendon Rupture in A Dog

Surgical Repair of an Achilles Tendon Rupture in Dogs

Surgical repair is the gold standard for treating Achilles tendon ruptures in dogs. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how this surgery is typically performed:

1. Pre-surgical evaluation:
The veterinarian conducts blood work and imaging tests to ensure the dog is fit for surgery and to map out the extent of the injury.  

2. Anesthesia:
The dog is placed under general anesthesia to prevent discomfort during the procedure.

3. Incision and exposure:
The surgeon makes an incision at the back of the dog’s hind leg to expose the ruptured tendon.

4. Suturing the tendon:
For a complete rupture, the torn ends of the Achilles tendon are sutured back together using strong, non-absorbable sutures. The tendon is usually sewn in a pattern that ensures the sutures can hold even as the dog resumes movement during recovery.

5. Strengthening the tendon:
In some cases, the surgeon may reinforce the tendon with additional sutures or even a synthetic mesh, which acts as a scaffolding to support the tendon while it heals.

6. Closure:
Once the tendon has been repaired, the incision is closed with sutures, and the leg is immobilized with a splint or cast.

Can a Dog Fully Recover from an Achilles Tendon Rupture?

With appropriate treatment and proper post-surgical care, dogs can make a full recovery from an Achilles tendon rupture. However, the recovery process is slow, often taking several months for the dog to regain full function of the leg. In some cases, there may be residual stiffness or weakness, but many dogs are able to return to normal activity.

Post-Surgical Recovery

The recovery period following Achilles tendon repair is long and requires significant care to prevent re-injury. Key aspects of recovery include:

Immobilization:
The dog will likely need to wear a splint or cast for 6-8 weeks to protect the repaired tendon and allow it to heal properly.

Restricted activity:
Dogs must avoid jumping, running, or climbing stairs during recovery. Crate rest or confinement to a small area may be necessary.

Physical therapy:
After the initial healing period, the veterinarian may recommend physical therapy to help rebuild strength and flexibility in the leg.

Pain management:
Anti-inflammatory medications and pain relievers will be prescribed to ensure the dog is comfortable during recovery.

Symptoms of an Achilles Tendon Rupture

A dog suffering from an Achilles tendon rupture will exhibit several noticeable symptoms, including:

Limping or lameness:
The dog may refuse to put weight on the affected leg.

Dropped hock:
The hock joint (analogous to a human ankle) may drop towards the ground when the dog walks or stands.

Swelling and pain:
The back of the leg may become inflamed, with obvious swelling near the hock.

Inability to extend the leg:
A complete rupture prevents the dog from fully extending the rear leg, which impacts mobility.

If you suspect your dog has an Achilles tendon injury, it’s essential to consult a veterinarian for a full examination.

Dog Achilles Tendon Injury

The Achilles tendon is composed of multiple muscles and tendons that join together at the back of the dog's hind leg, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone (calcaneus). The function of this tendon is to help the dog extend its hind leg, which is critical for walking, running, and even standing. Injuries to the Achilles tendon in dogs can occur in several forms:

• Tendonitis: Inflammation or irritation of the Achilles tendon, which can cause pain and swelling.
• Partial Rupture: Only some fibers of the tendon are torn.
• Complete Rupture: The tendon is entirely torn, leading to a more severe injury and greater functional impairment.

Causes of Achilles Tendon Injuries in Dogs

Achilles tendon injuries can happen for several reasons:

• Trauma: Jumping from a high surface, sudden impacts, or slipping on slick floors.
• Degenerative Changes: In older dogs, tendons can become weaker and more prone to tearing.
• Overexertion: Intense physical activities, especially for athletic or working dogs.
• Breed Predisposition: Large breeds like Labrador Retrievers, Greyhounds, and Doberman Pinschers are more susceptible to Achilles tendon injuries due to their size and activity levels.

Can a Dog’s Achilles Tendon Heal on Its Own?

In most cases, a dog’s Achilles tendon cannot heal on its own, especially in the case of a complete rupture. Since the tendon is responsible for critical functions like walking and standing, the damage usually requires medical intervention. Minor tendon injuries like tendonitis or mild sprains might heal with rest and conservative treatments, but significant tears or ruptures require more involved procedures.

Can a Torn Achilles Tendon Be Repaired Without Surgery?

While some minor Achilles tendon injuries might be managed with non-surgical methods, a torn Achilles tendon generally requires surgical repair. The Achilles tendon is a dense, fibrous structure that does not naturally heal well on its own due to limited blood supply. The following options may be considered depending on the severity of the injury:

Conservative treatment:
In cases of tendonitis or minor partial tears, conservative approaches such as rest, physical therapy, and the use of anti-inflammatory medications can help. A supportive brace or splint may also be applied to immobilize the leg while the tendon heals.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy:
This method, although less common, involves injecting concentrated platelets into the injury site to promote faster healing. This option is mostly used in mild injuries but is not typically sufficient for a complete rupture.

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FAQ Section

Q: Can a dog's Achilles tendon heal on its own? 

A: In most cases, an Achilles tendon rupture cannot heal on its own. Minor injuries may improve with rest and conservative treatment, but severe tears typically require surgery.

Q: How long does it take for a dog to recover from Achilles tendon surgery?

A: Recovery can take anywhere from 3 to 6 months, with the first 6-8 weeks focused on immobilization and limited activity.

Q: Can a torn Achilles tendon be repaired without surgery?  

A: While some partial tears can be managed with conservative treatment, complete ruptures almost always require surgical intervention to restore proper function.

Q: What are the symptoms of a ruptured Achilles tendon in dogs?  

A: Symptoms include limping, a dropped hock, inability to extend the leg, and swelling around the hock joint.

Q: Are certain dog breeds more prone to Achilles tendon injuries?

A: Yes, large breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Doberman Pinschers, and Greyhounds are more susceptible due to their size and activity levels.

Conclusion

An Achilles tendon rupture in a dog is a serious injury that requires timely medical attention. While some minor injuries can be treated without surgery, complete ruptures typically need surgical repair. Following the procedure, a rigorous recovery plan with restricted activity and physical therapy is essential to restore the dog's mobility and quality of life.