Valley Fever in Cats ( Coccidioidomycosis in Cats )

Catalog

• What is Valley Fever?
• Can Cats Get Valley Fever?
• What Are the Signs of Valley Fever in Cats?
• What Does Valley Fever Rash Look Like?
• What is the Treatment for Valley Fever in Cats?
• What to Eat When Your Cat Has Valley Fever?
• Is Valley Fever Contagious?
• How Long Does Valley Fever Last?
• FAQs about Valley Fever

What is Valley Fever?

Valley Fever, scientifically known as Coccidioidomycosis, primarily affects the respiratory system, is a fungal infection caused by the inhalation of spores present in the soil of certain regions. The infection may spread to other areas of the body. The infection is most prevalent in areas with dry, hot climates, including the southwestern United States, Mexico, and South America. Central and southern Arizona are considered to have the highest incidence of dog Valley Fever. In some areas of Arizona, an estimated 6-10% of dogs develop Valley Fever symptoms.

Can Cats Get Valley Fever?

Yes, cats can get Valley Fever, also known as Coccidioidomycosis. While humans are the primary victims of this disease, cats, along with other animals, can also be susceptible to infection.

However, in cats that have a weak immune system because of age or underlying illness, serious illness can develop, therefore, both very young puppies and senior cats are more susceptible to illness from valley fever. In these patients, the spherules continue to grow and eventually burst, releasing more infectious organisms to spread throughout the lungs or to other organs in the body where the cycle repeats itself over and over.

What Are the Signs of Valley Fever in Cats?

The symptoms of Valley Fever in cats may vary and can be mistaken for other illnesses. It's crucial for cat owners to be aware of the following signs that may indicate a possible infection:

The early signs of valley fever in cats

when the spherules are contained within the lungs, symptoms of Valley Fever in dogs typically include:

• Fever
• Dry cough
• Decreased appetite
• Lethargy
• Coughing and sneezing

Once the fungal spores have reached other parts of your cat's body the signs of Valley Fever in cats may become more severe and could include:

• Lameness and joint pain
• Persistent fever
• Weight loss
• Eye inflammation
• Blindness
• Skin lesions and abscesses ( Valley Fever Rash)

What Does Valley Fever Rash Look Like?

The rash associated with valley fever is typically characterized by raised, reddish, or pinkish bumps on the skin. These bumps may resemble hives, and they can be small or large in size. The rash may appear on various parts of the body, including the chest, back, arms, and legs. 

Causes of Valley Fever in Cats

What is the Treatment for Valley Fever in Cats?

Treatment for feline Valley Fever is often using antifungal drugs, such as fluconazole or itraconazole, which are commonly prescribed to combat the infection.

In addition to antifungal medication, your veterinarian may recommend supportive care to help your cat manage the symptoms and support their overall health. This may include providing a balanced diet, ensuring access to clean water, and addressing any secondary infections or complications that may arise.

During treatment, regular monitoring of the cat's progress through check-ups, blood tests, and other diagnostic measures is important to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and make any necessary adjustments.

What to Eat When Your Cat Has Valley Fever?

Provide a well-balanced diet that includes protein, healthy fats, and carbohydrates. High-quality protein sources, such as

• poultry
• fish
• meat

can help support your cat's immune system and overall well-being.

Talk to your veterinarian about the potential benefits of specific supplements or dietary additives that may support your cat's immune system, such as omega-3 fatty acids or probiotics. 

Is Valley Fever Contagious?

Valley Fever in dogs and cats is not contagious between pets, and can only be contracted through the inhalation of spores.

How Long Does Valley Fever Last?

Treating Valley Fever in pets takes time. Most pets will remain on antifungal medication for at least 6 - 12 months, but if the disease has spread throughout the body, they may need to remain on antifungal medication for life!

Acute phase

The acute phase typically lasts a few weeks to a few months. During this phase, symptoms may include fatigue, cough, fever, chest pain, joint pain, and a general feeling of malaise. In many cases, the symptoms gradually improve over time without specific treatment.

Chronic phase

Some cats may progress to a chronic form of valley fever, where the infection persists for months or even years. Chronic valley fever can involve persistent or recurrent symptoms, such as fatigue, cough, chest pain, joint pain, and weight loss. In these cases, ongoing medical management and treatment are usually required.

How to Prevent Valley Fever?

Unfortunately, there is no vaccine to prevent this disease. The best thing we can do in the Valley is to reduce risk factors for our pets and respond quickly to signs of disease.

• Avoid allowing your cat access to dusty areas, particularly during windy conditions or in regions where valley fever is endemic.
• Keeping your cat indoors can minimize their exposure to environments where fungal spores may be present. This is especially important if you live in an area where valley fever is prevalent.
•  Regularly clean and vacuum your home to remove dust and dirt that may contain fungal spores. 
• Give cats appropriate nutrients to improve body immunity and enhance resistance to fungal viruses

FAQs

Can Valley Fever in Cats Go Away on Its Own?

Valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis, is a fungal infection caused by the inhalation of spores from the Coccidioides fungus. In some cases, the infection may resolve on its own without treatment. 

While the immune system can sometimes control the infection and lead to self-resolution, it's important to note that valley fever can cause significant health issues in cats and may progress to more severe forms of the disease if left untreated. 

What Kills the Valley Fever Fungus?

Valley fever is caused by the fungal species Coccidioides,  Azole medications such as fluconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole are commonly prescribed for valley fever treatment. Amphotericin B is a potent antifungal medication that can be used for severe or disseminated cases of valley fever. 

Can Your Cat Die from Valley Fever?

Yes, cats can die from valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) if the infection is severe or complications arise. While most cats can recover with appropriate treatment, valley fever can be a serious disease, particularly in cases where the infection spreads beyond the lungs or becomes disseminated.

Complications that can occur with valley fever in cats include:

Disseminated disease: In some cases, the fungal infection can spread from the lungs to other organs in the body, such as the bones, skin, lymph nodes, or central nervous system. Disseminated valley fever can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Respiratory complications: Valley fever can cause severe respiratory symptoms, including pneumonia or lung abscesses. These complications can impair breathing and oxygen exchange, leading to respiratory distress and potential complications.

Secondary infections: Cats with valley fever may be more susceptible to secondary bacterial or fungal infections due to their weakened immune system. These secondary infections can further complicate the condition and increase the risk of fatality.

Organ damage: In severe cases, valley fever can cause significant damage to various organs, leading to organ failure and potential life-threatening consequences.

Fortunately, however, it is estimated that about 60-90% of cats recover well from Valley Fever after treatment.