Roundworms in Cats: Signs, Causes and Treatment

When your cat suddenly develops vomiting and diarrhea with white dots in the stool, the most likely cause is a roundworm infection. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, treatment, and prevention of roundworms.

What are Roundworms in Cats?

Roundworms in cats, also known as Toxocara cati, are a common type of intestinal parasite that infects cats worldwide. These worms belong to the family of parasites known as nematodes and are prevalent in kittens and outdoor cats. Roundworms have a complex life cycle that involves the cat as the definitive host. Adult worms reside in the cat's intestines, where they reproduce and lay eggs. The eggs are then passed in the cat's feces into the environment. Once outside the cat's body, the eggs take a few weeks to become infective.

What do Roundworms Look Like in Cats?

Roundworms in cats are cylindrical and can vary in size, ranging from a few inches to several inches long. They have a pale, white, or cream-colored appearance and resemble spaghetti or noodles. Adult roundworms can reach lengths of 3 to 5 inches (7 to 13 centimeters). However, it's important to note that roundworms may not always be visible in the cat's feces or vomit, especially if they are present in small numbers or if the cat has recently received treatment.

What are the Clinical Signs of Roundworm Infection?

Roundworm infection in cats can vary in severity and may result in a range of clinical signs. However, it's important to note that not all infected cats will exhibit noticeable symptoms. The clinical signs of roundworm infection can include:

• Potbellied appearance

• Weight loss

• Poor growth

• A dull, unkempt coat

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Lethargy and weakness

• Worms in vomit or feces

It's worth mentioning that some cats may show no obvious signs of roundworm infection, especially if the infection is mild or the cat's immune system is able to keep the parasites in check.

Causes of Roundworms in Cats

Adult female roundworms lay eggs, which are excreted through the feces of infected cats. Cats can inadvertently ingest these eggs while exploring or grooming themselves if they come into contact with contaminated soil or feces. Or cats that hunt and eat rodents, birds, or other small animals may become infected with roundworms if the prey carries roundworm larvae. The larvae can mature into adult worms in the cat's intestines, leading to an infection.
Infected mother cats can pass roundworm larvae to their kittens through the placenta during pregnancy or through the milk while nursing. This is a common way for kittens to become infected.

How Veterinarians Diagnose Roundworms in Cats?

Veterinarians employ various methods to diagnose roundworm infections in cats. These diagnostic techniques help confirm the presence of roundworms and determine the appropriate course of treatment. Here are the common methods used by veterinarians:

• Visualization of worms: In some cases, adult roundworms may be visible in the cat's vomit or feces. If the worms are observed, the veterinarian can visually confirm the presence of roundworms. However, it's important to note that this method may not always be reliable, as the worms may not always be visible.

• Blood tests: In certain situations, blood tests may be used to support the diagnosis of roundworm infection. These tests can detect specific antibodies produced by the cat's immune system in response to roundworm infection.

It's important to note that in some cases, especially if the infection is mild or the cat has received recent treatment, roundworm eggs may not be detectable in a single fecal sample. Therefore, multiple fecal examinations may be necessary to increase the chances of detection.

How to Treat Roundworms in Cats?

Several effective medications are available, typically in the form of oral tablets, liquid suspensions, or spot-on treatments. 

Oral medications include albendazole, emodexed, milbemycin, piperazine, and thiamethoxam.

Typically medications include moxifloxacin, selamectin and Abamectin B1

Note:

Repeat treatment: In most cases, a single round of deworming treatment may not be sufficient to completely eliminate roundworms. This is because the medications primarily target adult worms, and subsequent treatments are needed to address any larvae or newly hatched worms that were not affected by the initial treatment. Your veterinarian will advise you on the appropriate treatment schedule, which may involve multiple treatments spaced 2-3 weeks apart.

How Can I Prevent My Cat from Getting Roundworms?

Preventing roundworm infection in cats involves several measures to minimize their exposure to roundworm eggs and reduce the risk of ingestion. Here are some preventive steps you can take:

Regular deworming: Follow your veterinarian's recommendations for regular deworming of your cat. Deworming protocols may vary based on factors such as age, lifestyle, and overall health. Regular deworming helps eliminate any existing roundworms and prevents new infections.

• In body deworming is once every 1-3 months, and internal deworming is at least once every 3 months. If you are in an area with a higher risk of parasitic infection, for example, if you often eat some raw meat or if there are more environmental parasites in the summer, then internal deworming can be once a month.

Clean living environment: Maintain a clean living space for your cat. Regularly clean and sanitize litter boxes, removing feces promptly. Clean and disinfect any areas where your cat spends time, especially if they have access to outdoor environments. This reduces the risk of environmental contamination with roundworm eggs.

Minimize hunting and contact with prey: Cats that hunt and consume prey animals are at a higher risk of roundworm infection. Minimize their exposure to rodents, birds, or other small animals that may carry roundworm larvae. If your cat hunts, consider using bell collars or other deterrents to reduce their success in capturing prey.

Avoid contact with potentially contaminated soil: Prevent your cat from coming into contact with soil or outdoor areas that may be contaminated with roundworm eggs. This includes areas where other animals defecate, such as gardens or sandboxes. Supervise outdoor activities and provide a controlled outdoor environment, such as a secure enclosed space or a catio.

Good hygiene practices: Practice good personal hygiene when handling your cat or cleaning their litter box. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after any contact with feces or potential sources of contamination. This reduces the risk of inadvertently ingesting roundworm eggs.

FAQs

Can Roundworms Cause Diarrhea in Cats?

Yes, roundworms can cause diarrhea in cats. Roundworms, also known as ascarids, are a common type of intestinal parasite that can infect cats. When a cat ingests the eggs or larvae of roundworms, they can develop an infestation in their digestive tract.

If you suspect that your cat has roundworms or if they are experiencing diarrhea or other symptoms, it is important to take them to a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Are Roundworms in Cats Contagious to Humans?

Yes, roundworms in cats can be contagious to humans. The most common roundworm species that infects cats is called Toxocara cati. While humans are not the natural host for these parasites, they may can become infected with roundworms through various routes, including direct contact with contaminated soil or feces of infected cats, accidental ingestion of contaminated substances, or through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from infected animals.