Jaundice in Cats

Cats, like humans, can suffer from various health issues, and one such condition that may affect them is jaundice. Jaundice in cats is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom of an underlying problem. This article will explore what jaundice is, its causes, symptoms, and potential treatments to help cat owners better understand and manage this condition.

What is Jaundice in Cats?

Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a condition characterized by the yellowing of a cat's skin, mucous membranes (such as the gums and the whites of the eyes), and sometimes the ear flaps and paw pads. This yellowish discoloration is due to the buildup of a yellow pigment called bilirubin in the cat's tissues.

Types of Jaundice in Cats

There are several types or causes of jaundice in cats, including:

Pre-hepatic Jaundice

This type of jaundice occurs before the liver processes bilirubin. It is often the result of excessive destruction of red blood cells, which can happen due to conditions such as hemolytic anemia, blood parasites, or toxins.

Hepatic Jaundice

Hepatic jaundice is associated with liver disorders that prevent the liver from effectively processing bilirubin. Some common liver diseases in cats that can lead to hepatic jaundice include hepatitis, cirrhosis, and certain infections.

Post-hepatic Jaundice

Post-hepatic jaundice, also known as obstructive jaundice, occurs when there is a blockage in the bile ducts or gallbladder, preventing the proper flow of bile. This can be caused by conditions like gallstones, tumors, or inflammation.

Hemolytic Jaundice

Hemolytic jaundice results from the rapid destruction of red blood cells, leading to an increased production of bilirubin. Various factors can trigger hemolytic jaundice in cats, such as immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, certain infections, or toxins.

Hepatocellular Jaundice

This type of jaundice is related to dysfunction or damage to the liver cells (hepatocytes) themselves. It can occur due to various liver diseases, including viral infections, toxic exposures, or metabolic disorders.

What Causes Jaundice in Cats?

Jaundice can occur in cats for a variety of reasons, and it is often a sign that something is amiss in their body. Here are some common causes of jaundice in cats:

• Liver Disease: Liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis can disrupt the liver's ability to process bilirubin, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream.

• Hemolytic Anemia: This condition occurs when a cat's red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced, releasing bilirubin into the bloodstream.

• Infections: Certain infections, particularly those affecting the liver or gallbladder, can lead to jaundice.

• Gallbladder or Bile Duct Obstruction: A blockage in the gallbladder or bile ducts can prevent the flow of bile, leading to the buildup of bilirubin in the blood.

• Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can affect the liver's function, leading to jaundice.

• Toxins: Ingesting certain toxins or medications can damage the liver and cause jaundice.

• Cancer: Liver or pancreatic cancer can disrupt normal organ function and result in jaundice.

• Blood parasites: In cats, blood parasites such as hemoplasmas (formerly known as hemobartonella or mycoplasma) and some types of protozoa like Babesia and Cytauxzoon can cause jaundice in cats by damaging red blood cells and interfering with the liver's ability to process bilirubin, a waste product from the breakdown of old red blood cells. 

• Heartworm: Heartworms can cause anemia in cats by damaging red blood cells and reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. When red blood cells break down, they release hemoglobin, which is converted into bilirubin. Anemia can lead to an increased production of bilirubin, further contributing to jaundice.

Symptoms of Jaundice in Cats

In addition to the yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes, cats with jaundice may exhibit other symptoms, depending on the underlying cause. Common signs of jaundice-related issues in cats include:

• Lethargy and weakness

• Loss of appetite

• Vomiting

• Weight loss

• Increased thirst and urination

• Abdominal discomfort or pain

• Pale or gray stools

• Orange or brown urine

How to Cure Jaundice in Cats?

If you suspect that your cat is suffering from jaundice or shows any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is crucial to consult a veterinarian promptly. Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination, review your cat's medical history, and may recommend various diagnostic tests, including blood tests, urinalysis, imaging studies (such as ultrasound or X-rays), and liver biopsies to determine the underlying cause of the jaundice.

The treatment of jaundice in cats depends on the specific cause identified. Treatment options may include:

• Medications: Depending on the underlying condition, medications may be prescribed to manage infections, reduce inflammation, or alleviate symptoms.

• Fluid therapy: To maintain hydration and support overall health, intravenous fluids may be administered.

• Dietary changes: In cases of liver disease, a special diet may be recommended to ease the workload on the liver.

• Surgery: If an obstruction or tumor is identified, surgical intervention may be necessary.

• Management of underlying conditions: Treatment may involve managing and addressing any underlying diseases or conditions contributing to jaundice.

• Deworms: If your cat is suffering from a parasite infestation, such as fleas, ticks, or internal parasites (worms), it's important to address these issues promptly, as they can lead to various health problems, including liver issues. Use a dewormer that is formulated specifically for cats to effectively treat the infestation.

Puainta® Albendazole Tapeworm Dewormer for Dogs/ Cat Deworming, Anthelmintic for Parasites- Tablets

How to Prevent Jaundice in Cats?

Preventing jaundice in cats involves taking steps to maintain their overall health and protect them from potential hazards, including toxins that can lead to liver problems. Here are some tips on preventing jaundice in cats:

Provide a Balanced Diet

Feed your cat a high-quality, balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs. Avoid feeding them toxic foods such as onions, garlic, grapes, raisins, chocolate, and alcohol. 

Prevent Exposure to Toxins

Ensure that your home environment is free of common toxins that can harm cats. Keep household chemicals, medications, and poisonous plants out of their reach. Examples include lilies, poinsettias, philodendron, oleander, and azaleas.

Flea and Tick Control

Use appropriate flea and tick control measures to prevent infestations. Fleas and ticks can transmit diseases and lead to anemia, which may contribute to jaundice in cats. 

Commonly used flea repellents for cats can contain various active ingredients that are effective at repelling or killing fleas. Some of the active ingredients you might find in cat flea repellents include:

• Fipronil

• Imidacloprid

• Lufenuron

• Nitenpyram

• Spinosad

• Dinotefuran

Vaccinations

Ensure that your cat receives all necessary vaccinations to protect against infectious diseases that can affect the liver or cause jaundice. Common vaccinations for cats include:

• Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVRCP)

• Feline Panleukopenia (Feline Distemper)

• Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

• Rabies

• Chlamydia

• Bordetella

• Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

FAQs

Jaundice in Cat's Survival Rate

The survival rate for a cat with jaundice depends on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. Untreated, the disease has a mortality rate upwards of 90%. Cats treated in the early stages can have a recovery rate of 80–90%. Left untreated, the cats usually die from severe malnutrition or complications from liver failure. Treatment usually involves aggressive feeding through one of several methods.

How Long Before Jaundice in Cats Will Clear Up?

How long it takes for jaundice to subside in cats depends on the underlying cause and the success of treatment. In some cases, with appropriate treatment, jaundice may subside relatively quickly over a period of days or weeks; in other cases, jaundice may persist or worsen if the underlying cause is not addressed.

Does Sunlight Help Jaundice in Cats?

Sunlight exposure does not directly help in treating jaundice in cats. Jaundice is primarily a symptom of an underlying issue, often related to liver or blood cell problems. While some natural sunlight exposure is beneficial for cats, it won't have a direct impact on the clearance of bilirubin or the underlying cause of jaundice. 

Is jaundice in cats contagious?

Jaundice itself is not a contagious condition. It is a symptom of an underlying disease or disorder. However, the underlying cause of jaundice may be contagious if it is an infectious disease. In such cases, the infectious agent (e.g., a virus or bacteria) can be transmitted from one cat to another, but jaundice itself is not transmitted from one cat to another like a contagious disease.

Jaundice in cats treatment cost

The average cost of jaundice treatment falls within the range of $500 to $5,000, with an average cost of approximately $1,800. 

Can jaundice in cats go away?

Whether jaundice in cats can go away depends on the underlying cause. Jaundice itself is a symptom, and it will typically resolve if the underlying condition is successfully treated. However, if the underlying cause is a chronic or progressive disease, the jaundice may persist or recur.

What Are the First Signs of Jaundice in Cats?

One of the most noticeable signs of jaundice is a yellowish tint in the skin, gums, and whites of the eyes. This discoloration is caused by an accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment that is normally processed by the liver.

Can Diet Influence Jaundice in Cats?

While diet is not a direct cause of jaundice, proper nutrition is crucial in supporting a cat's liver health.
In cases where liver disease is the underlying cause of jaundice, a veterinarian may recommend a special diet that is easier on the liver.
Ensuring adequate hydration is also important.

Is Jaundice in Cats Curable?

The curability of jaundice depends on the underlying cause. Some conditions, like liver infections or certain toxicities, can be treated effectively.
Chronic conditions, like liver cirrhosis, might not be curable but can be managed with proper treatment and diet.
Early detection and treatment are key to a better prognosis.

Conclusion

Jaundice in cats is not a condition to be taken lightly, as it often indicates an underlying health issue. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving the chances of a successful outcome. If you notice any signs of jaundice or related symptoms in your cat, consult your veterinarian promptly to provide the necessary care and support for your feline companion. Regular veterinary check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help prevent and manage the risk of jaundice and other health problems in your beloved pet.