Gastroenteritis in Cats

Gastroenteritis, characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines, can affect cats of all ages and breeds. This article delves into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for gastroenteritis in cats.

What is Gastroenteritis in Cats?

Gastroenteritis refers to the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, encompassing the stomach and intestines. This inflammation can arise from various sources, including bacterial or viral infections, parasites, medications, or the introduction of unfamiliar foods. Typically, individuals with this condition experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and other discernible clinical manifestations.

What Causes Gastroenteritis in Cats?

Gastroenteritis refers to the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the stomach and intestines. In cats, gastroenteritis can be classified into two main types based on the duration and severity of the condition: acute and chronic gastroenteritis.

Acute Gastroenteritis in Cats

Acute gastroenteritis is characterized by a sudden onset of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. It often presents with symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, loss of appetite, and sometimes fever. Acute gastroenteritis in cats can be caused by various factors, including:

• Dietary indiscretion: Cats can experience gastroenteritis after consuming spoiled or inappropriate food items.

• Infections: Pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, and feline calicivirus can lead to gastrointestinal distress. Parasites like Giardia or intestinal worms can also contribute to inflammation, disrupting the delicate balance of the gut.

• Toxins: Ingestion of toxic substances or plants can irritate the gastrointestinal tract.

• Stress: Sudden changes in the cat's environment or routine can trigger gastrointestinal upset.

Chronic Gastroenteritis in Cats

Chronic gastroenteritis refers to a long-lasting or recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It may have a milder presentation compared to acute cases but persists over time. Common symptoms of chronic gastroenteritis in cats include intermittent diarrhea, weight loss, decreased appetite, and vomiting. The causes of chronic gastroenteritis can be more complex and may include:

• Food allergies or sensitivities: Certain ingredients in the cat's diet can lead to chronic inflammation.

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): This is a condition characterized by ongoing inflammation in the digestive tract, and it can manifest as chronic gastroenteritis in cats.

• Bacterial overgrowth: An imbalance of gut bacteria can contribute to chronic gastrointestinal issues.

• Pancreatic disorders: Conditions like chronic pancreatitis can lead to ongoing digestive problems.

Symptoms of Gastroenteritis in Cats

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Abdominal pain

• Loss of appetite

• Lethargy

• Dehydration

• Weight loss

• Increased thirst

• Foul-smelling breath

How to Treat Gastroenteritis in Cats?

Dietary Management

Your vet may recommend withholding food for a short period (usually 12-24 hours) to allow the stomach and intestines to rest. After this fasting period, a bland diet might be introduced. This typically includes boiled chicken or rice. 

• Boiled Chicken: Cook boneless, skinless chicken breasts or thighs without any seasoning or additives. Boil the chicken until it's fully cooked and easily shreddable.

• Rice: Cook plain white rice. It's an easily digestible carbohydrate source that can help soothe the stomach.

• Portion Sizes and Frequency: The portion sizes and frequency of feeding depend on the size of your pet, their specific condition, and your veterinarian's recommendations. In general,  Bland meals are often fed in small portions multiple times a day, such as 3-4 meals a day.  Portion sizes are usually measured in relation to your pet's weight, and they might start with a small amount initially.

Medications

Depending on the cause and severity of the gastroenteritis, your vet might prescribe medications to address specific symptoms. These could include anti-emetics to control vomiting, anti-diarrheal medications, and possibly antibiotics if a bacterial infection is suspected. If the cause of gastroenteritis is determined to be parasites, your vet will prescribe appropriate deworming medications.

We recommend a package that stops diarrhea and vomiting

Some common cat dewormers:

• Praziquantel: This is a commonly used anthelmintic (anti-parasitic) medication that is effective against tapeworms. It works by disrupting the tapeworm's integrity and causing it to break down, making it easier for the cat's body to eliminate the parasite.

• Fenbendazole: This is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic that targets a variety of intestinal parasites, including roundworms, hookworms, and some protozoa like coccidia. It works by disrupting the parasites' ability to absorb nutrients, leading to their death.

• Metronidazole: This medication is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent often used to treat infections caused by certain parasites, including giardia and some forms of coccidia.

• Albendazole: Similar to fenbendazole, albendazole is an anthelmintic that is used to treat a variety of internal parasites in cats, including tapeworms and roundworms.

• Milbemycin: This is an anthelmintic often used to prevent and treat heartworm infections in cats. It may also have activity against certain intestinal parasites.

• Pyrantel: Pyrantel pamoate is an anthelmintic used to treat roundworm and hookworm infections. It paralyzes the parasites, allowing them to be expelled from the cat's body.

Fluids and Electrolytes

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, and fluid loss. Dehydration is a serious concern in such cases, as it can have significant health implications for animals.

In veterinary medicine, addressing dehydration often involves administering fluids and electrolytes to restore the body's fluid balance. Here's a bit more detail on the points you mentioned:

• Intravenous Fluids and Electrolytes: Administering fluids and electrolytes intravenously (IV) is a common method used to rehydrate animals quickly. Intravenous fluids can provide the necessary fluids and electrolytes directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, which is often compromised during gastroenteritis. 

• Electrolyte solution for oral administration: In certain instances, particularly for mild dehydration, an electrolyte solution may be administered. Correct supplementation can prevent the development of severe dehydration, help maintain water balance, and alleviate your cat's gastrointestinal discomfort.

How to give a dog liquid medicine Pour warm water (or purified water) at 35°C~45°C into a bottle of IGY till it’s filled up to 90% of space. Cap the bottle and shake to dissolve the content. Then feed your dogs and cats for 5 consecutive days. Take out a bottle of IGY and open it Pour water into the bottle Cap it with the rubber head and shake well Feed directly or with a feeder

Is Gastroenteritis in Cats Fatal?

Gastroenteritis in cats can vary in severity from mild to severe, and whether it's fatal depends on several factors, including the underlying cause, the cat's overall health, and the promptness and effectiveness of treatment. Severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if left untreated, can lead to complications like dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and secondary infections. In some instances, gastroenteritis can be part of a more serious underlying condition that requires specific treatment. For example, if a cat has ingested a toxic substance or has a severe bacterial infection, the outcome can be more critical. It could potentially become fatal.

How Long Does Gastroenteritis Last in Cats?

The duration of gastroenteritis in cats can vary based on the underlying cause, the severity of the condition, and how well it is managed. In many cases, mild cases of gastroenteritis can resolve within 4-5 days to a week with proper care. However, more severe cases or cases caused by infections, parasites, or other underlying medical issues might take longer to resolve. It can take 3-4 weeks.

Is Gastroenteritis Contagious in Cats?

Yes, gastroenteritis can be contagious in cats. 

If the underlying cause of gastroenteritis in cats is an infectious agent like a virus, bacteria, or parasite, then it can be contagious. For example, viral infections like feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus can lead to gastroenteritis symptoms and are contagious among cats. Bacterial infections such as Salmonella and Campylobacter can also cause gastroenteritis and can be transmitted from one cat to another through contact with contaminated feces or shared environments.

Preventing Gastroenteritis

Prevention is always better than cure. To minimize the risk of gastroenteritis in your feline friend, consider the following steps:

Safe Environment: Ensure your home is free from toxic plants, small objects, and foods that are harmful to cats.

Hygiene: Wash your hands after handling raw meat and practice good hygiene to prevent bacterial contamination.

Regular Vet Visits: Regular check-ups can catch potential issues early, preventing them from escalating into more severe problems.

Conclusion

Gastroenteritis is a common ailment that affects cats, causing discomfort and distress. Prompt veterinary care, along with a proper diagnosis and treatment plan, can help your furry companion recover swiftly. By maintaining a safe environment and practicing good hygiene, you can reduce the risk of your cat developing gastroenteritis and ensure they enjoy a healthy and happy life.