Cataracts in Cats

Cataracts, often associated with aging, are not exclusive to humans. Our feline companions can also experience this eye condition. In this article, we'll explore what cataracts are, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options for our beloved feline friends.

What Are Cataracts?

Cataracts refer to the clouding of the lens inside the eye, leading to impaired vision or blindness. The lens, located behind the pupil, helps focus light onto the retina, allowing clear vision. When cataracts develop, this lens becomes opaque, preventing light from reaching the retina, and causing vision problems.

Are Cataracts Common in Cats?

Cataracts can occur in cats, but they are not as common in cats as they are in dogs. Cataracts are more frequently diagnosed in dogs, particularly in certain breeds that are predisposed to the condition. In cats, cataracts are generally less common and often result from other underlying health issues or as a consequence of aging.

Symptoms of Cataracts in Cats

Cataracts in cats are characterized by the clouding of the eye's lens, which can lead to vision impairment or blindness if left untreated. These cataracts can develop gradually, and their symptoms can be categorized into early, intermediate, and late stages. It's important to note that if you suspect your cat has cataracts, you should consult with a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment options. Here are the typical symptoms for each stage:

Early Cataract Symptoms

• Minor Vision Changes: In the early stages, cataracts may cause subtle changes in your cat's vision. You might notice your cat bumping into objects or hesitating when navigating familiar spaces.

• Dilated Pupils: Cats with early cataracts might have pupils that appear larger than usual.

• Reflective "Eye Shine": When light is directed into the eyes, a reflective glow may be observed in the affected eye(s), similar to the appearance of tapetum lucidum (the reflective layer behind the retina) in healthy eyes.

Intermediate Cataract Symptoms

• Worsening Vision: As cataracts progress, your cat's vision will continue to deteriorate. They may become increasingly hesitant to move or play.

• Opaque Appearance: The lenses of the eyes may appear cloudy or milky when examined closely.

• Changes in Behavior: Your cat may become more cautious or disoriented due to their diminishing vision.

Late Cataract Symptoms

• Severe Vision Impairment: In the late stages of cataracts, cats often experience significant vision loss or even blindness. They may have difficulty finding food and water dishes, using the litter box, or navigating their environment.

• Elevated Eye Pressure (Glaucoma): In some cases, cataracts can lead to increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma), which can cause pain, redness, and discomfort in the affected eye.

• Eye Discomfort: Cats with advanced cataracts may exhibit signs of eye discomfort, such as squinting, excessive tearing, or rubbing their eyes with their paws.

• Changes in Eye Color: The affected eye(s) may take on a bluish or white appearance.

Causes of Cataracts in Cats

Cataracts in cats can develop for various reasons, including:

• Age: Like in humans, age is a significant factor in cataract development in cats. Senior cats are more prone to this condition.

• Genetics: Some cat breeds are genetically predisposed to cataracts, such as the Persian and Himalayan breeds. It can also be inherited, so if a cat's parents had cataracts, there's a higher likelihood of the offspring developing them.

• Trauma: Severe eye injuries can damage the lens and lead to cataract formation.

• Underlying Health Issues: Certain medical conditions like diabetes can increase the risk of cataracts in cats.

• Inflammation: Inflammation within the eye, known as uveitis, can trigger cataract formation.

What Breeds of Cats Are More at Risk for Cataracts?

Cataracts can affect cats of any breed, but some breeds may have a higher predisposition to develop them due to genetic factors or breed-specific characteristics. Here are a few cat breeds that are known to have a higher likelihood of developing cataracts:

• Siamese Cats

• Persian Cats

• Burmese Cats

• Abyssinian Cats

• Himalayan Cats

• Devon Rex Cats

Are Cataracts in Cats Painful?

Mild cataracts may not cause significant pain, but as they progress and the lens becomes more opaque, it can lead to increased discomfort and pain, such as secondary glaucoma (increased pressure within the eye) and inflammation (uveitis). These complications can be painful and may require immediate veterinary attention.

Types of Feline Cataracts

Cataracts in cats, as in humans, can vary in severity based on the extent to which the lens is affected. 

Incipient Cataracts

Incipient cataracts are the earliest stage of cataract development in cats. At this stage, they affect less than 15% of the lens. Vision may not be significantly impaired, and the cat may still be able to see relatively well.

Immature Cataracts

Immature cataracts are more advanced than incipient cataracts and affect between 15% to 100% of the lens. Despite the clouding of the lens, light can still pass through to some extent, allowing the cat to have some degree of vision. The degree of impairment can vary depending on the size and location of the cataract.

Mature Cataracts

Mature cataracts have fully developed and affect the entire lens. At this stage, the lens becomes completely opaque, and light passage is significantly impeded or blocked entirely. Cats with mature cataracts typically experience severe vision loss or blindness in the affected eye.

At What Age Do Cats Typically Get Cataracts?

Cataracts are most common in senior cats over the age of 10. However, cats of any age can get cataracts in one or both eyes.

How to Get Rid of Cataracts in Cats?

A veterinarian will diagnose cataracts through a comprehensive eye exam. They will also determine the underlying cause and the extent of the cataract's development. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition:

• Medical Management: In some cases, especially when cataracts are caused by underlying health issues like diabetes, managing the underlying condition may slow down cataract progression.

• Surgery: Surgery to remove the cataract is often the most effective treatment. During the procedure, the cloudy lens is replaced with an artificial one, known as an intraocular lens (IOL). This surgery can significantly improve a cat's vision.

• Medication: For cats who cannot undergo surgery, certain medications may help manage the condition and alleviate discomfort.

The Role of Nutrition in Feline Cataracts

Nutrition can play a significant role in the development and management of feline cataracts, proper nutrition can support overall eye health and potentially slow the progression of cataracts in some cases.

Here's how nutrition can be relevant to feline cataracts:

Antioxidants: Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium, can help protect the eyes from oxidative stress and free radical damage. These antioxidants may support eye health and potentially delay the development of cataracts. Commercial cat foods formulated for senior cats or those with specific eye health concerns often contain higher levels of these nutrients.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil and some plant-based sources, have anti-inflammatory properties that may benefit eye health. They can help reduce inflammation and may slow the progression of cataracts or other eye conditions.

Lutein and Zeaxanthin: These carotenoids are found in high concentrations in the retina and are believed to help protect against age-related macular degeneration. While not a direct treatment for cataracts, including foods rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, such as leafy greens and certain cat food formulas, can promote overall eye health.

Protein: Adequate protein intake is essential for maintaining the overall health of your cat, including their eyes. Protein is needed for tissue repair and regeneration, which may be important in preventing or managing cataracts.

Controlled Blood Sugar: In some cases, diabetes can lead to the development of cataracts. Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in managing diabetes in cats. Maintaining stable blood sugar levels through diet can help prevent diabetes-related cataracts.

Conclusion

While cataracts in cats may not be as common as in humans or other animals, they can still affect our feline friends. Recognizing the signs and seeking prompt veterinary care can help maintain your cat's quality of life. With proper management and treatment, many cats with cataracts can enjoy a happy and comfortable life.