How to Treat Sarna in Dogs

Sarna, also known as mange, is a skin condition caused by parasitic mites in dogs. There are two primary types of sarna: sarcoptic mange (sarcoptic sarna) and demodectic mange (demodectic sarna). Both types can cause significant discomfort for dogs, leading to itching, hair loss, and infections if left untreated. Sarna is highly contagious, especially sarcoptic mange, which can spread to humans and other pets. This article will provide an in-depth guide on treating sarna in dogs, covering the causes, symptoms, and various treatment options.

What Is Sarna in Dogs?

Sarna is a term used to describe a range of skin diseases caused by parasitic mites. These mites burrow into a dog’s skin, causing intense irritation. 

There are two main types of sarna:

• Sarcoptic Mange (Sarcoptic Sarna):
  Caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, this type is highly contagious and can spread to other pets and humans.
• Demodectic Mange (Demodectic Sarna):
  Caused by the Demodex canis mite, this type is not contagious. These mites naturally live on dogs' skin and in hair follicles but can overpopulate and cause skin issues in dogs with weakened immune systems.

Causes of Sarna in Dogs

Sarna in dogs is caused by microscopic mites that can either be passed from other animals or arise when a dog's immune system cannot keep the naturally occurring mites under control. 

• Sarcoptic Mange is commonly contracted through direct contact with an infected dog or animal. This can happen at dog parks, boarding facilities, or any environment where dogs interact.
• Demodectic Mange is generally due to an underlying health issue, such as a compromised immune system. Puppies, elderly dogs, or dogs with weakened immunity are more prone to demodectic mange. In some cases, it is passed from the mother to her puppies.

Symptoms of Sarna in Dogs

Recognizing the symptoms of sarna early can prevent the condition from worsening and help begin treatment as soon as possible. Here are common signs of sarna in dogs:

• Intense itching: Dogs with sarcoptic mange often scratch excessively due to irritation caused by the mites burrowing into their skin.
• Hair loss:
  Sarna can lead to patches of hair loss, particularly around the face, ears, chest, and legs.
• Red, inflamed skin:
  The affected areas may become red and swollen due to the dog’s scratching and the mites themselves.
• Sores or crusty skin:
  Open sores or scabs may develop, particularly in severe cases.
• Thickened skin:
  Chronic mange can cause the skin to thicken and darken over time.
• Lethargy or weight loss:
  In advanced cases, dogs may become lethargic, lose weight, and develop secondary infections due to the constant scratching and open sores.

Diagnosing Sarna in Dogs

If you suspect your dog has sarna, it’s essential to consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis. A vet will typically perform the following:

• Physical Examination:
  The vet will examine your dog’s skin for signs of mange, such as hair loss, red patches, and scabbing.
• Skin Scrapings:
  The vet will take a sample of the affected skin by scraping it gently and examining it under a microscope to identify the mites causing the condition.
• Blood Tests:
  In severe cases, the vet may perform blood tests to rule out any underlying immune system issues that could be contributing to the outbreak of sarna.

How to Treat Sarna in Dogs

Treating sarna in dogs depends on the type of mange, the severity of the infection, and the overall health of the dog. Below are the common treatment methods for both sarcoptic and demodectic mange:

1. Medications

Veterinarians may prescribe a variety of medications to treat sarna, including:

• Ivermectin:
  This is a common antiparasitic medication used to treat sarcoptic mange. Ivermectin kills the mites causing the infection and can be administered orally or via injection.
• Milbemycin oxime:
  This oral medication is often used to treat both types of mange, particularly sarcoptic mange.
• Topical Treatments:
  Medicated creams, shampoos, and dips containing ingredients like lime sulfur, amitraz, or benzoyl peroxide can help kill mites and soothe irritated skin. These treatments need to be applied regularly over several weeks.
• Selamectin and Moxidectin:
  These are topical treatments that can also be used to treat sarcoptic mange and are applied directly to the dog’s skin.
• Antibiotics:
  If your dog has developed a secondary bacterial infection due to open sores or excessive scratching, your vet may prescribe antibiotics to help clear up the infection.

2. Bathing and Dips

Regular bathing with medicated shampoos is often an integral part of treating sarna. A vet may recommend using shampoos that contain benzoyl peroxide or lime sulfur to cleanse the skin and remove mites. This is particularly important for demodectic mange. Medicated dips, often containing amitraz or other miticidal solutions, can also be used to kill mites and soothe the skin.

3. Immune Support

For dogs with demodectic mange, boosting the immune system is crucial since a weakened immune response is often the cause of the outbreak. A vet may recommend supplements, dietary changes, or treatments to improve your dog’s overall health and immune system.
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4. Environmental Management

To prevent reinfection, it’s essential to thoroughly clean your dog’s bedding, toys, and any areas where your dog spends time. Sarcoptic mange mites can live in the environment for a short period, so washing bedding and regularly vacuuming can help eliminate any lingering mites.

5. Spaying or Neutering

For dogs with recurring demodectic mange, spaying or neutering may be recommended, as hormonal changes can contribute to outbreaks in some dogs.
Also Read: 11 Signs Your Dog Needs to Be Neutered 

How Long Does It Take for Sarna to Heal?

The recovery time for sarna depends on the severity of the infection and the type of treatment used. In most cases, it can take several weeks to a few months for the condition to fully resolve. 

For sarcoptic mange, which is contagious, dogs typically begin to show improvement within a week or two of starting treatment. However, treatment must continue for several more weeks to ensure that all mites are eliminated.

For demodectic mange, treatment may take longer, particularly in cases where the dog has a compromised immune system. It's important to follow your vet’s instructions carefully and continue treatment until your dog has fully recovered.

Preventing Sarna in Dogs

While it’s not always possible to prevent sarna, especially demodectic mange, there are several steps you can take to reduce the risk of your dog developing mange:

Avoid Contact with Infected Dogs:
Since sarcoptic mange is highly contagious, keep your dog away from other animals that may be infected.

Boost Your Dog’s Immune System:
A healthy diet, regular exercise, and veterinary care can strengthen your dog’s immune system and reduce the risk of demodectic mange.

Use Flea and Tick Preventatives:
Some flea and tick preventatives, such as those containing selamectin, can also help protect your dog from sarcoptic mange.

Regular Grooming and Skin Checks:
Regular grooming and skin checks can help you spot early signs of skin issues, allowing for prompt treatment before the condition worsens.

FAQs 

Q: Can sarna in dogs be cured?

A: Yes, sarna is treatable in dogs with the right medications and care. Sarcoptic mange can be cured with appropriate antiparasitic treatments, while demodectic mange can be managed and, in many cases, resolved with proper veterinary care.

Q: How long does it take to treat sarna in dogs?

A: Treatment can take several weeks to a few months, depending on the severity and type of mange. Dogs typically begin to show improvement within a few weeks of starting treatment, but full recovery may take longer.

Q: Is sarna in dogs contagious to humans?  

A: Sarcoptic mange is zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted to humans. If your dog has sarcoptic mange, it’s essential to take precautions and consult a veterinarian for treatment. Demodectic mange, however, is not contagious to humans.

Q: Can I treat sarna in dogs at home?  

A: While some home remedies may provide temporary relief, sarna requires professional veterinary care for proper diagnosis and treatment. Over-the-counter treatments or home remedies are not typically effective in eliminating the mites that cause sarna.

Q: What are the signs that my dog has sarna?  

A: Symptoms of sarna include intense itching, hair loss, red or inflamed skin, and the development of scabs or sores. If your dog is displaying these symptoms, it’s essential to seek veterinary care.

Q: Can sarna cause permanent damage to my dog’s skin?

A: If left untreated, sarna can lead to secondary infections, thickened skin, and permanent scarring. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical in preventing long-term damage.

Q: How much does it cost to treat sarna in dogs? 

A: The cost of treating sarna can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment required. On average, treatment can range from $100 to $500, including medication, vet visits, and follow-up care.

Conclusion

Sarna in dogs can be an uncomfortable and potentially serious condition, but with the right treatment, most dogs make a full recovery. Early diagnosis and proper veterinary care are key to managing sarna and preventing it from spreading to other pets or humans. If you suspect your dog has sarna, don’t hesitate to consult a veterinarian for a comprehensive treatment plan.