Yeast Infection in Dogs

Yeast infections in dogs can be uncomfortable and frustrating for both pets and their owners. While yeast infections are relatively common in dogs, they can cause discomfort, itchiness, and skin issues if left untreated. In this article, we will explore what yeast infections in dogs are, their causes, symptoms, and the various treatment options available to help your furry friend find relief.

Types of Fungal Infections in Dogs

Fungal infections in dogs can be caused by various types of fungi and can affect different parts of the body. Some common types of fungal infections in dogs include:

• Ringworm (Dermatophytosis): Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection that affects the skin, hair, and occasionally the nails of dogs. It is not caused by a worm but by a group of fungi called dermatophytes.
• Yeast Infections (Malassezia Dermatitis): Yeast infections are common in dogs and can affect the ears, paws, and skin folds. They are caused by an overgrowth of the yeast organism Malassezia. 
• Aspergillosis: Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by the Aspergillus species. It can affect the nasal passages, lungs, and other organs. Inhaled spores of the fungus can lead to respiratory symptoms, nasal discharge, and more severe systemic illness in some cases.
• Blastomycosis: Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. It primarily affects the respiratory system but can also spread to other organs. 
• Histoplasmosis: Histoplasmosis is caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which is found in soil and bird droppings. Dogs can contract the infection by inhaling spores. It can affect the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs, leading to symptoms like coughing, fever, and weight loss.
• Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever): Coccidioidomycosis is caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii, which is found in arid desert regions. Dogs can contract the infection by inhaling fungal spores. It often affects the respiratory system and can cause symptoms such as coughing, lethargy, and joint pain.
• Cryptococcosis: Cryptococcosis is caused by the yeast-like fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. It can affect various organs, including the respiratory system and the central nervous system. 
• Candidiasis: Candidiasis is caused by Candida species of yeast and can affect various body parts, including the ears, skin, and mucous membranes. It often occurs secondary to other underlying issues, such as allergies or hormonal imbalances.

How Do I Know If My Dog Has a Yeast Infection or Allergies?

Distinguishing between a yeast infection and allergies in dogs can be challenging because both conditions can cause similar symptoms, such as itching, skin inflammation, and discomfort. 

One of the hallmark signs of a yeast infection in dogs is a distinctive, musty, or "cheesy" odor, especially if the infection is on the skin or in the ears. This odor is often absent in cases of allergies.

Yeast infections are common in skin folds, such as those around the face, neck, armpits, and groin. These areas can become moist, red, and irritated.

Yeast infections in the ears (otitis externa) typically cause dark, waxy discharge with a foul odor. Dogs with ear allergies may have similar symptoms, but the odor is usually less prominent.

Dogs with allergies typically exhibit chronic itching, which can affect various body parts, including the face, paws, belly, and ears. Itching may be the primary symptom.

Allergies in dogs, especially environmental allergies (e.g., pollen, grass), often have a seasonal pattern. Symptoms may worsen during specific times of the year when allergens are prevalent.

Related: Understanding and Managing Dog Seasonal Allergies

Signs of a Yeast Infection in Dogs

Yeast infections in dogs can occur in various parts of the body, and the symptoms can vary depending on the location of the infection. Here are common signs of a yeast infection in dogs and descriptions of symptoms associated with specific sites of infection:

1. Skin

Yeast infections on the skin, also known as Malassezia dermatitis, can cause the following symptoms:

• Itching and Scratching: Dogs may scratch, lick, or chew at the affected areas due to itchiness.
• Redness and Inflammation: The skin may appear red, irritated, and inflamed, especially in skin folds and moist areas.
• Odor: A distinctive, unpleasant odor often accompanies yeast skin infections.
• Greasy or Oily Skin: The skin may feel greasy or have a waxy texture.

2. Ears

Ear infections caused by yeast (otitis externa) can lead to these symptoms:

• Head Shaking: Dogs may shake their heads or tilt them to one side.
• Ear Scratching: Excessive scratching or pawing at the ears.
• Ear Discharge: Dark, waxy discharge from the ears, which may have a foul odor.
• Redness and Swelling: Inflammation and redness inside the ear canal.

Related: Malassezia in Dogs Ears

3. Paws

Yeast infections in between the paw pads or nail beds can result in:

• Licking and Chewing: Dogs may excessively lick, chew, or bite at their paws.
• Redness: The skin between the toes and paw pads may appear red and irritated.
• Crusts and Discharge: Sometimes, the area may develop crusts or have a discharge.

4. Mucous Membranes

Yeast infections in the mouth and other mucous membranes can manifest as:

• Oral Discomfort: Dogs may show signs of oral discomfort, including drooling and reluctance to eat.
• Redness and Inflammation: The gums, tongue, and other oral tissues may appear red and inflamed.
• Bad Breath: Yeast infections in the mouth can lead to foul-smelling breath.

5. Anal Area

Yeast infections around the anus can cause:

• Butt Scooting: Dogs may scoot their rear ends on the ground to relieve discomfort.
• Redness and Itching: The skin around the anus may become red and itchy.
• Excessive Licking: Dogs may excessively lick or chew at their anal area.

What’s the Difference Between Ear Mites and Yeast Infections in Dogs? 

Ear Mites in Dogs:

Tiny parasites (Otodectes cynotis) that infest the ear canal.
Cause intense itching, head shaking, and dark, crumbly discharge.
Visible with a microscope or otoscope.
Typically treated with specific anti-mite medications.

Yeast Infections in Dogs' Ears:

Caused by the yeast Malassezia.
Result in itching, head shaking, redness, and waxy or foul-smelling discharge.
Diagnosed via ear swab and microscopic examination.
Treated with antifungal medications.

Are Some Breeds More Susceptible to Yeast Infections?

Yes, some dog breeds may be more susceptible to yeast infections than others due to various factors, including their anatomy, skin type, and genetics. Here are a few breeds that are often considered more prone to yeast infections:

• Bulldogs
• Cocker Spaniels
• Basset Hounds
• Dachshunds
• Shih Tzus
• Maltese
• Labrador Retrievers

What Foods Cause Yeast in Dogs?

Yeast infections in dogs are typically caused by an overgrowth of the yeast organism Malassezia, which naturally resides on the skin and in the ears, among other places. While certain dietary factors can potentially contribute to yeast overgrowth, it's essential to understand that dietary choices alone do not directly cause yeast infections in dogs. Instead, underlying factors such as allergies, hormonal imbalances, or immune system issues often play a more significant role in predisposing a dog to yeast infections.

Foods that are high in carbohydrates, especially refined carbohydrates like corn, wheat, and rice, can potentially provide a source of sugars that yeast organisms can feed on. A diet high in carbohydrates may promote yeast overgrowth in dogs with predisposing factors.

If your pet suffers from yeasty ears, attempt altering their diet to eliminate common triggers. If you’re uncertain as to what your dog’s particular allergies may be, begin by feeding your dog a single protein or dog food with minimal ingredients and slowly adding items back in. This will allow you to identify key food triggers for your pooch and help avoid ear yeast infections.

How Do You Treat a Yeast Infection on Dogs?

If you suspect that your dog has a yeast infection, it's essential to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis. The vet will examine your dog, possibly take skin or ear swabs for testing, and determine the extent of the infection.

Prescription Medications

Depending on the diagnosis, your veterinarian may prescribe one or more of the following medications:

• Antifungal Medications: These are often the primary treatment for yeast infections. Common antifungal medications for dogs include oral medications like fluconazole or itraconazole, topical antifungal creams, shampoos, or ear drops.
• Medicated Shampoos: Medicated shampoos containing antifungal ingredients like ketoconazole or chlorhexidine can help cleanse and treat skin yeast infections. Follow your vet's instructions on how often to bathe your dog with the medicated shampoo.
• Ear Medications: For ear yeast infections, your vet may prescribe ear drops or a cleanser specifically designed to treat yeast.
• Topical Creams: If the yeast infection is localized to a particular area of the skin, your vet may recommend topical antifungal creams or ointments.
• Oral Medications: In some cases, especially with severe or recurrent yeast infections, your vet may prescribe oral antifungal medications. Be sure to follow the prescribed dosage and complete the entire course of treatment as directed.
• Dietary Changes: Diet can play a role in managing yeast infections, especially if your dog has underlying food allergies or sensitivities that contribute to the problem. Your vet may recommend a hypoallergenic or prescription diet.

	Fungal skin infections Pipot Skin Spray- Indicated for ringworm in dogs and cats, dermatitis， eczema, hair loss, skin redness, and mite infection. Compound Ketoconazole Ointment- Indicated for ringworm in dogs and cats, hair loss, pruritus, skin redness, and fungal infections. Banov Shower Gel- Reduces allergies and itching, soothes skin, and nourishes hair, for skin cleaning and care purposes.
	Eye Fungal Infections Cefadroxil Tablets - Broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-inflammatory product; Treats inflammations and infections, including ear inflammation, ear infection, etc. Pet Ear Care Solution- Solution to ear cleaning and care for dogs and cats, to get rid of earwax, itch, infections, otitis, smelly and greasy ears Florfenicol and Metronidazole Ear Drops- Treats ear mites, otitis or ear inflammation, and ear infections, for antibacterial purpose
	Oral Fungal Infections Oral Fucoidan Spray- Helps repair oral mucosa, heal mouth wounds, relieve pain, redness and swelling Metronidazole Tablets- Indicated for bad breath, oral redness, pus oozing, salivation, mouth ulcer, pain, loss of appetite

Hygiene and Grooming

Proper hygiene and grooming are crucial to manage and prevent yeast infections in dogs. This includes:

• Regular cleaning of skin folds, ears, and paws to remove excess moisture and debris.
• Keeping your dog's ears dry after swimming or bathing.
• Brushing your dog's coat regularly to prevent matting and improve air circulation to the skin.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: If your dog's yeast infections are recurrent, your vet may recommend lifestyle adjustments, such as minimizing exposure to moisture or allergens and avoiding potential triggers.

How to Prevent Yeast Infections in Dogs?

• Maintain Proper Hygiene: Keep your dog clean and dry, paying attention to skin folds, ears, and paws.
• Regular Grooming: Brush your dog's coat to prevent matting and improve air circulation to the skin.
• Dry Ears After Water Activities: Dry your dog's ears thoroughly after swimming or bathing.
• Proper Diet: Feed a balanced diet and address any known food allergies or sensitivities.
• Regular Veterinary Checkups: Schedule routine vet visits to catch and address potential issues early.
• Limit Moisture Exposure: Minimize your dog's exposure to damp environments and moisture-prone areas.
• Manage Allergies: Identify and manage allergies through veterinary guidance and medication if necessary.
• Avoid Overuse of Steroids: Use steroids under veterinary supervision, as they can suppress the immune system.
• Consider Probiotics: Discuss probiotic supplements with your vet to help maintain a healthy gut flora.
• Regular Deworming: Use flea and tick preventatives as directed by your veterinarian.
• Ear Cleaning: Regular cleaning of your dog's ears, especially in breeds prone to ear infections, can help prevent yeast infections in the ears.

FAQs

Can Dog Yeast Infections Spread to Humans?

Yes, some types of yeast infections in dogs, such as those caused by the yeast Candida or Malassezia, can potentially be transmitted to humans, although it's relatively rare. This transmission usually occurs through direct contact with infected areas of the dog's skin or by touching contaminated objects like grooming tools. It's more likely to affect individuals with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, young children, or people with certain medical conditions. To reduce the risk, practice good hygiene when handling your dog and seek prompt treatment for your pet's yeast infection.

Is There a Vaccine for Yeast Infections in Dogs?

There is no specific vaccine available to prevent yeast infections in dogs. Preventing yeast infections typically involves maintaining good hygiene, managing underlying health issues, and addressing predisposing factors like allergies. 

Conclusion

Yeast infections in dogs can be uncomfortable and irritating for your furry companion, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, they can be managed effectively. If you notice any signs of a yeast infection in your dog, consult with your veterinarian promptly to determine the best course of action. By addressing the underlying causes and following your vet's recommendations, you can help your dog find relief and enjoy a healthier, itch-free life.