Dog Paw Infections

Dog paw infections are one of the most common problems we treat at the veterinary hospital. Any source of irritation or inflammation can cause a dog to lick their paws more often than usual, and this licking can easily lead to a dog paw infection. Dog paw infections can be uncomfortable and painful for your furry friend, and if left untreated, can lead to more serious health problems. In this article, we'll explore the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventative measures for dog paw infections.

Are Paw Infections Common in Dogs?

Yes, paw infections occur commonly in dogs, especially dogs that spend a lot of time outdoors, especially in muddy or dirty environments. Wet and dirty paws can be a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi.

Types of Dog Paw Infections

There are several types of dog paw infections that can affect a dog's paw pads or the skin and tissues surrounding them. These infections can be caused by various bacteria, fungi, or other pathogens. Here are some common types of dog paw infections:

Interdigital Cysts (Interdigital Furunculosis)

These are painful, pus-filled swellings that occur between the toes.
Often caused by ingrown hairs or foreign objects that penetrate the skin between the toes.

Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections can occur on the paw pads or between the toes.
Common bacteria involved include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species.
Symptoms may include redness, swelling, pain, and discharge.

Fungal Infections

Fungal infections, such as yeast infections or ringworms, can affect the paws.
Yeast infections are often associated with a foul odor, itching, and redness.
Ringworm can cause circular, scaly lesions on the paw pads.

Parasitic Infections

Parasites like mites (e.g., Demodex or Sarcoptes) can cause paw infections.
Symptoms may include intense itching, redness, and hair loss.

Nail Bed Infections

Infections can develop around the nail beds, causing pain and swelling.
Often related to ingrown nails or trauma to the nails.

Abscesses

Paw abscesses can form from puncture wounds or foreign objects embedded in the paw.
They result in localized swelling, pain, and often a visible wound.

Allergic Dermatitis

Allergies can cause paw inflammation, redness, and itching.
Dogs may lick or chew at their paws, leading to secondary infections.

Hot Spots

Hot spots, or acute moist dermatitis, can occur on the paws due to self-trauma from excessive licking or scratching.
They often appear as red, moist, and painful lesions.

Burns and Frostbite

Paw pad injuries from extreme temperatures (hot pavement or cold surfaces) can lead to burns or frostbite.
These injuries can become infected if not treated promptly.

Foreign Body Infections

Sometimes, foreign objects like thorns, glass, or splinters can become embedded in a dog's paw, leading to infection.

Common Symptoms of Dog Paw Infections

The symptoms of an infected dog paw are usually quite evident and similar regardless of the underlying cause.

Here are signs of a paw infection to look for:

• Limping or Lameness
• Swelling
• Red and inflamed
• Pain or Discomfort
• Licking or Chewing
• emit a foul or unpleasant odor
• Pus or Discharge
• Crusting or Scabbing

How to Treat Dog Paw Infection at Home?

If a dog's paw infection is mild, simple home remedies can provide relief. Here are some steps you can take to care for your dog's infected paw:

Cleaning of infected areas

Gently clean the infected paw with a mild antiseptic solution or saline solution. Use a clean cloth or gauze to wipe away any discharge or debris. Be gentle to avoid causing additional discomfort.

The ratio for making a saline solution (salt water) for cleaning a dog's infected paw is typically about 1 teaspoon of table salt (sodium chloride) per 1 cup (8 ounces) of warm, clean water. This ratio creates an isotonic saline solution that is gentle on tissues and can help clean the wound or infected area.

Epsom Salt Soak

You can create an Epsom salt soak by dissolving Epsom salt in warm water (follow the package instructions). Soak your dog's paw for 5-10 minutes to help reduce swelling and cleanse the area. Pat the paw dry afterward.

Topical Antibiotics

Apply an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment or antibacterial spray (pet-safe) to the infected area according to product directions. Make sure your dog doesn't lick it off.

Prevent Licking

If the infection is severe or your dog keeps licking the area, you may need to use a bandage or Elizabethan collar to protect the paw. Make sure the bandage is clean and dry.

Here are steps on how to use bandages for dogs:

Before applying a bandage, clean the wound gently with a mild antiseptic solution or saline solution. Place a sterile gauze pad or non-stick wound dressing over the wound to protect it from further contamination.
Wrap the self-adhesive bandage snugly but not too tightly. You should be able to slip two fingers under the bandage. Ensure that the bandage covers the wound completely without wrinkling or folding.

Limit Activity

Encourage your dog to rest and limit physical activity that could exacerbate the infection.

Hydration and Nutrition

Ensure your dog has access to fresh water and a balanced diet to support their immune system in fighting the infection.

When Should I Take My Dog to the Vet for A Paw Infection?

If you have tried home remedies but the symptoms have not improved, or if the following symptoms have occurred, it is essential to consult a veterinarian promptly:

• Your dog's paws have discharge, pus, or a foul odor.
• Your dog's paws appear to be infected and the condition persists for more than a day or two without improvement.
• Your dog is limping.
• The paws are swollen, red, painful, or your dog has difficulty walking.
• Your dog has a fever or is lethargic.
• There are open wounds on your dog's paws, and an infection has been caused by a foreign object (such as a thorn or a shard).

How Veterinarians Treat Paw Infections in Dogs?

Veterinarians treat paw infections in dogs by first diagnosing the underlying cause and severity of the infection and then prescribing appropriate medications and recommending supportive care. 

The first step in treating a paw infection is to diagnose the specific type of infection and determine its severity. This is typically done through a physical examination of the affected paw, and in some cases, the veterinarian may take a sample (swab or culture) to identify the causative agent, such as bacteria, fungi, or parasites.

Cleaning and Debridement

The infected area may need to be cleaned and any necrotic tissue (dead tissue) or foreign objects removed to facilitate proper healing. This may require sedation or anesthesia for more extensive procedures.

Antibiotics or Antifungals

Depending on the type of infection (bacterial or fungal), the veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics or antifungal medications. The choice of medication will be based on the specific pathogen identified and its sensitivity to different drugs.

• For bacterial infections, common antibiotics like amoxicillin, cephalexin, or enrofloxacin may be prescribed.
• For fungal infections like yeast (Malassezia) or dermatophytes (ringworm), antifungal medications such as ketoconazole or fluconazole may be used.

Topical Medications

In some cases, topical medications like antibiotics or antifungal creams or ointments may be recommended to apply directly to the affected area.

Parasite Control

If a dog's paw infection is caused by a parasite, such as ticks or mites. Depending on the severity of the infection and whether it has spread beyond the paw, the veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics to treat any secondary bacterial infections or antiparasitic medications to target the parasites themselves. The choice of medication will depend on the specific parasite involved.

How to Prevent Dog Paw Infections?

Preventing dog paw infections is important for your pet's overall health and comfort. Here are some steps you can take to help prevent paw infections in dogs:

Paw Trimming: Regularly trim your dog's nails to prevent overgrowth. Overgrown nails can alter the paw's natural alignment and lead to discomfort or infection. If you're unsure how to trim your dog's nails, consult your veterinarian or a professional groomer.

Regular Paw Inspections: Make it a habit to inspect your dog's paws regularly, especially after walks or outdoor activities. Look for cuts, scrapes, foreign objects, or signs of infection like redness, swelling, or discharge. Keep your dog's paws clean by gently wiping them with a damp cloth or pet-friendly wipes after walks. 

Allergy treatment: Manage your dog’s allergies to make the paws feel less itchy.

Prevent pests: Have your dog on year-round flea and tick prevention to avoid itchy bites.

Maintain a Healthy Diet: Proper nutrition helps maintain your dog's overall health and can boost their immune system to fight off infections.

Conclusion

Dog paw infections can be painful and debilitating for your four-legged friend. Fortunately, with proper care, regular checkups, and a few preventative measures, you can keep your dog's paws healthy and free of infection. Remember, if you suspect an infection, it's crucial to seek veterinary care promptly, as early intervention can prevent the problem from worsening and causing further discomfort.