Dog Elbow Callus: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

Dogs are cherished members of our families, and we want to ensure their well-being and comfort. One common issue that can affect our canine companions is the development of elbow calluses. These rough, sometimes painful patches of thickened skin on a dog's elbows can be concerning for pet owners. In this article, we will explore what dog elbow calluses are, what causes them, and how to treat and prevent them.

What Are Dog Elbow Calluses?

Dog elbow calluses, also known as pressure sores or hygromas, are areas of thickened, rough, and often hairless skin that develop on a dog's elbows. They typically appear on the front legs, specifically on the bony part of the elbow joint. While they may not initially cause discomfort, they can become painful and problematic if left untreated.

Can Dogs Get Calluses on Their Paws?

Yes, dogs can develop calluses on their paw pads. These calluses, also known as hyperkeratosis, are areas of thickened, rough, and hardened skin that can form on a dog's paw pads. They typically develop as a result of repeated friction or pressure on the paw pads over time. 

Related: Dog Paw Hyperkeratosis

What Causes Calluses on Dogs Elbows?

1. Pressure and Friction

The primary cause of elbow calluses in dogs is continuous pressure and friction against hard surfaces. Dogs that frequently lie on hard floors or surfaces, such as concrete or tile, are more susceptible to developing calluses.

2. Weight and Breed

Heavier dogs are more prone to elbow calluses, as the increased weight puts more pressure on their elbows. Certain breeds with thin or short fur, like Greyhounds or Great Danes, may also be at a higher risk due to less natural cushioning.

3. Age and Activity Level

Older dogs or those with reduced mobility may develop calluses as they spend more time lying down. Dogs that are more active may also be at risk if they frequently lie on hard surfaces during rest periods.

4. Genetics

Some dogs may have a genetic predisposition to developing calluses due to the structure of their elbows.

5. Potential Health Diseases

Calluses may occur more often in dogs with underlying health issues like hypothyroidism in dogs or those with orthopedic diseases that cause them to spend a great deal of their time lying down. Finally, lying on rough or hard surfaces like concrete can increase the chances a dog will develop calluses.

What Are the Symptoms of Calluses on a Dog's Elbow?

Calluses on a dog's elbow, also known as elbow calluses or hygromas, can develop on the bony prominences of the elbows due to repeated pressure and friction. These calluses are more common in larger breeds and dogs that frequently lie down on hard surfaces. The symptoms of calluses on a dog's elbow may include:

• Thickened, hardened skin: Calluses typically appear as raised, firm, and thickened patches of skin on the dog's elbow joint.
• Hair loss: Over time, the constant pressure and friction can cause hair loss in the affected area, making the callus more noticeable.
• Dry, rough texture: The skin over the callus may feel dry, rough, and scaly.

However, sometimes calluses can become irritated or infected.

Calluses on a dog's paw pads can become irritated or infected, which can cause discomfort and health issues. If you notice any signs of irritation or infection in your dog's paw calluses, it's important to take action promptly. Here are some signs to watch out for:

• Redness or inflammation around the callus.
• Swelling or tenderness in the affected area.
• Discharge or pus.
• Excessive licking, chewing, or biting at the callus.
• Changes in your dog's gait or limping.
• Foul odor from the affected paw.

Irritation or infection of calluses on a dog's elbow can occur due to various factors, including:

• Fungal Infections: Fungi, such as yeast, can thrive in warm and moist environments. If the skin beneath the callus becomes damp, it can provide an ideal breeding ground for fungal infections. These infections can cause redness, itching, and discomfort.
• Bacterial Infections: Bacteria can also take advantage of the moist conditions beneath a callus to multiply and cause infections. Bacterial infections may result in redness, swelling, and sometimes a foul odor.
• Mite Infections: Mites, such as Demodex or Sarcoptes mites, can sometimes infest the area beneath a callus and lead to skin irritation and infection. These infestations can be itchy and uncomfortable for the dog.

How to Treat Elbow Calluses in Dogs?

Elbow calluses in dogs can be challenging to completely eliminate once they have formed. However, the primary goal of treatment is to manage and prevent further complications, such as ulcers or infection, and to promote overall skin health. Here are some steps and remedies to help treat and manage elbow calluses in dogs:

Antibiotics

For mild infections, a combination of topical and systemic antibiotic treatments typically leads to a rapid resolution. However, when deeper skin infections are present, a more extended treatment regimen may be necessary. In such instances, your veterinarian will choose the most suitable antibiotic based on culture and sensitivity results and will continue the antibiotic treatment for at least one week beyond the disappearance of symptoms.

Additional Therapies

Dogs may also find relief through the following methods:

• Applying a paw soother for dogs or cream to the affected callused area to maintain skin softness and hydration. Specialized dog balms are available, but it's advisable to consult your veterinarian for recommendations. Some pet owners have had success using natural remedies like coconut oil or aloe vera gel to soothe and moisturize calluses.
• The use of topical antifungal spray for dogs or ointments can help alleviate itching and reduce redness.
• In certain cases, your veterinarian might prescribe a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to mitigate inflammation and alleviate discomfort associated with calluses.
• For dogs dealing with arthritis, joint supplements and meloxicam pain relief aids are also options to explore.
• To prevent further friction and injury to the callus, you can employ protective elbow pads or bandages to cushion the affected area.

How to Wrap a Dog's Elbow?

Wrapping a dog's elbow involves the following steps:

• Gather necessary supplies: You'll need non-stick bandages or padding, a bandage wrap, and medical tape.
• Protect the callus: Place a non-stick pad or padding over the callused area to prevent direct contact with the bandage.
• Start wrapping: Begin wrapping the bandage gently around the dog's leg, starting just above the callus.
• Secure the bandage: Use medical tape or clips to secure the bandage in place, but be careful not to make it too tight.

How to Prevent Dog Elbow Calluses?

Prevention is often the best approach to dealing with dog elbow calluses:

• Cushioned Bedding: Providing your dog with a comfortable, cushioned bed or pad can help alleviate pressure on their elbows. Memory foam or orthopedic beds are excellent options for dogs prone to calluses.
• Encourage Movement: Encourage your dog to move around regularly, preventing them from lying in the same position for extended periods.
• Regular Grooming: Brushing and maintaining your dog's coat can help distribute natural oils that keep their skin healthy and prevent dryness.

What’s the Difference Between an Elbow Callus and a Hygroma?

Here's a table summarizing the key differences between an elbow callus and a hygroma in dogs:

Elbow calluses and hygromas can sometimes be confused due to their similar location on or near the dog's elbow joint, but they have distinct characteristics and require different approaches to management and treatment. Consulting with a veterinarian is important for proper diagnosis and guidance on how to address these conditions in your dog.

FAQs

Will Dog Elbow Calluses Go Away?

Dog elbow calluses typically do not completely go away once they have formed. However, with proper care and management, you can often improve the condition and prevent further complications. 

Is It Normal for Dogs to Have Calluses on Their Elbows?

Yes, it can be considered normal for dogs to develop calluses on their elbows, especially in certain circumstances. Calluses on a dog's elbows typically form as a natural response to repeated pressure and friction on those areas. Larger dog breeds with heavier body weights are more prone to developing elbow calluses due to the increased pressure on their joints. Breeds with shorter coats or less fur over the elbow area may also be more susceptible.

Conclusion

Dog elbow calluses are a common issue, but with proper care and attention, they can be managed effectively. By understanding the causes, seeking treatment when necessary, and taking preventive measures, you can help keep your canine companion comfortable and healthy, allowing them to enjoy their life to the fullest. Always consult with your veterinarian for personalized advice and guidance on managing your dog's elbow calluses.