Canine Middle Ear Infections: A Comprehensive Guide

May 19, 2025

by：puaintapets

Middle ear infections, or otitis media, are a significant health concern in dogs, often resulting from untreated external ear infections. Understanding the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures is crucial for ensuring your dog's well-being.

Understanding Canine Middle Ear Infections

Otitis media refers to the inflammation or infection of the middle ear, typically arising when an external ear infection (otitis externa) progresses inward. This condition can affect dogs of any age or breed, though certain breeds with floppy ears or those prone to allergies may be more susceptible.

canine middle ear infection

Common Culprits Behind Middle Ear Infections in Dogs

Several factors can lead to the development of otitis media:

Bacterial Infections: Often secondary to untreated otitis externa, bacteria can infiltrate the middle ear, causing inflammation and infection.
Yeast Infections: Overgrowth of yeast in the ear canal can extend to the middle ear if not addressed promptly.

Also Read: Dog Ear Infection: Bacterial or Yeast
Ear Mites: These parasites can migrate from the external ear canal to the middle ear, leading to infection.
Foreign Bodies: Objects like grass seeds can penetrate the ear canal, causing damage and subsequent infection.
Allergies: Food or environmental allergies can lead to chronic ear inflammation, increasing the risk of infection.

Recognizing Symptoms of Canine Middle Ear Infections

Spotting the signs of a middle ear infection (otitis media) in dogs early can lead to quicker treatment and less discomfort for your pet. Here's what to look for:

Frequent Head Shaking or Tilting: Your dog may repeatedly shake or tilt their head to one side, trying to relieve pressure or discomfort in the ear.
Persistent Ear Scratching: Constant scratching, especially around one ear, can indicate irritation or pain inside the ear canal.
Unusual Ear Discharge: Look for thick, pus-like, or bloody fluid seeping from the ear. This is a strong indicator of infection and should be addressed promptly.
Strong Ear Odor: A sour, foul, or yeasty smell from the ear often signals bacterial or fungal involvement.
Pain or Sensitivity: If your dog pulls away, whines, or growls when you touch the affected ear, it likely hurts and needs attention.
Balance and Coordination Issues: Middle ear infections can affect your dog's sense of balance. Watch for stumbling, a wobbly walk, or falling to one side.

How to Distinguish Between Middle and Inner Ear Infections in Dogs

Understanding whether your dog has a middle ear infection (otitis media) or an inner ear infection (otitis interna) is crucial, as it affects treatment and prognosis.

Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)
Symptoms are mainly external and localized to the middle ear area. Common signs include:
- Head shaking
- Ear scratching
- Discharge and odor
- Moderate pain
- Mild head tilt
Inner Ear Infection (Otitis Interna)
Involves deeper structures of the ear and often affects the nervous system. Signs include:
- Severe head tilt
- Loss of balance or falling over
- Circling or walking in tight loops
- Nystagmus (rapid eye movements)
- Hearing loss

Quick Tip: If your dog is showing neurological symptoms (like losing balance or walking in circles), it may indicate the infection has progressed to the inner ear. Prompt veterinary attention is essential.

A veterinarian may use otoscopy, CT scans, or MRI to differentiate between the two types and determine the best treatment plan.

Canine Middle Ear Infection Treatment: Professional Care and At-Home Support

Treating a middle ear infection in dogs requires a comprehensive approach that combines veterinary intervention with consistent at-home ear care. Early and effective treatment helps reduce discomfort and prevents complications.

Veterinary Diagnosis and Medical Treatment

Your veterinarian will start by examining your dog’s ear using specialized tools, sometimes ordering imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs to determine the infection’s extent. Identifying the exact cause—whether bacterial, fungal, or parasitic—is key to choosing the right treatment.

Common treatment options include:

Antibiotics or Antifungals: Depending on the infection’s cause, your vet may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics or antifungal medications to eliminate pathogens.
Anti-inflammatory Medications: These help reduce swelling and pain, improving your dog’s comfort.
Ear Cleaning Procedures: Professional ear cleaning removes debris and infected material, which is essential to help medications work effectively.
Surgery: For severe or chronic infections that don’t respond to medication, surgical options like myringotomy or total ear canal ablation (TECA) may be necessary.

At-Home Ear Care with Natural Products

Supporting your dog’s recovery at home is equally important. Maintaining a clean ear environment prevents debris buildup and reduces irritation, which can accelerate healing and lower the risk of reinfection.

Quantum Ear Drops are specially formulated to clean ear wax and eliminate ear mites—common contributors to middle ear infections in dogs. These drops can be safely used between vet visits to maintain ear hygiene and reduce discomfort.

See product details here
Natural Ear Cleaner uses plant-based ingredients to gently remove ear debris and soothe itching, helping keep your dog’s ears fresh and healthy without harsh chemicals.

Explore this natural cleaner here

Important: Always check with your veterinarian before starting any new ear care products to ensure they complement your dog’s prescribed treatment and won’t interfere with medications.

Monitoring Recovery: Signs Your Dog Is Getting Better

Keep an eye on your dog’s symptoms during treatment:

Less head shaking, ear scratching, and pawing
Decreased or clear ear discharge with no foul odor
Reduced pain sensitivity when touching the ear
Improved balance and steadier walking
Returning to normal appetite and activity levels

If symptoms persist or worsen after about 7–10 days, revisit your vet to reassess the treatment plan.

Consequences of Untreated Middle Ear Infections

Neglecting otitis media can lead to:

Chronic Pain: Persistent discomfort affecting the dog's quality of life.
Hearing Loss: Permanent damage to the auditory structures.
Neurological Complications: Infections can spread to the inner ear or brain, leading to severe health issues.
Facial Nerve Paralysis: Damage to the facial nerve can result in drooping facial features.

Contagiousness of Canine Ear Infections

Most ear infections in dogs are not contagious to other dogs or humans. However, ear mites, a common cause of ear infections, are highly contagious and can spread between animals. Proper hygiene and prompt treatment are essential to prevent transmission.

Recovery Timeline for Treated Middle Ear Infections

With appropriate treatment, mild cases of otitis media may resolve within 1–2 weeks. More severe infections, especially those involving the inner ear, can take several weeks to months to heal completely. Consistent follow-up with a veterinarian is crucial to monitor progress and prevent recurrence.

Impact on Mobility: Can Middle Ear Infections Affect Walking?

Yes, infections that extend to the inner ear can disrupt the vestibular system, leading to balance issues. Affected dogs may exhibit unsteady gait, circling, or reluctance to walk. These symptoms necessitate immediate veterinary attention.