Can Dogs Get Colds

If you're a dog owner, you've likely wondered whether your furry friend can catch a cold, especially during the chilly winter months. While dogs can exhibit symptoms similar to those of a human cold, such as sneezing, coughing, and nasal congestion, the underlying causes and implications differ. In this article, we'll explore whether dogs can get colds, what might be causing their symptoms, and how to care for your canine companion when they're feeling under the weather.

Understanding Canine Respiratory Health

Dogs, like humans, can experience respiratory illnesses, but the viruses and bacteria that affect them are not the same as those that cause the common cold in people. Canine respiratory illnesses are generally caused by a variety of pathogens, including:

• Canine Influenza: Canine influenza, or dog flu, is caused by influenza A viruses. It can lead to symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and fever. While similar to human influenza, it is not the same virus, and there are specific vaccines available to protect dogs from it.
• Kennel Cough: Also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease. It is typically caused by a combination of viruses and bacteria, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica and parainfluenza virus. Kennel cough presents with a persistent, dry cough, and can be transmitted in places with multiple dogs, like kennels or dog parks.
• Canine Parainfluenza Virus: This virus can cause a variety of respiratory symptoms in dogs, including coughing, nasal discharge, and sneezing. It is often associated with kennel cough and is one of the pathogens that can contribute to the condition.

Can Dogs Get Colds?

Yes, dogs can get colds, but it's important to note that they do not get the common cold in the same way humans do. The viruses responsible for the common cold in humans, such as rhinoviruses, are generally not capable of infecting dogs. However, some canine illnesses may mimic cold-like symptoms, leading to confusion. When your dog displays signs like sneezing, coughing, or nasal congestion, it is more likely due to one of the aforementioned canine respiratory infections or allergens rather than a true "cold."

What Does a Dog with a "Cold" Sound Like?

When a dog has a cold, you may notice several changes in their behavior, appearance, and sometimes, even in the sounds they make. However, it's important to note that dogs with colds typically don't exhibit the same symptoms as humans with colds, such as sneezing or a runny nose, as their respiratory systems are different.

Instead, dogs may show signs of illness, discomfort, or congestion, which can affect the way they sound.

Here are some potential changes in a dog's sounds when they have a cold:

• A common sign of a dog with a cold is a persistent cough. It may sound like a hacking cough or a dry, raspy cough. This is often due to irritation in the throat or upper respiratory tract.
• Some dogs with colds may have difficulty breathing or may sound congested when they breathe. Their breath may be noisier than usual, with wheezing or snoring-like sounds.
• Sick dogs may become quieter than usual or may have changes in their barking or whimpering. They might have a hoarse or weak-sounding bark.

What Causes Dogs to Catch a "Cold"?

Dogs can catch colds, but the viruses that affect them are typically different from those that affect humans. In dogs, a "cold" is often referred to as canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) or canine infectious tracheobronchitis. The primary culprits behind these respiratory infections in dogs are usually viruses and bacteria. Here are some common causes and factors that contribute to dogs catching a cold:

Viruses

• Canine Parainfluenza Virus: This virus is a common cause of respiratory infections in dogs and is often a component of the kennel cough complex.
• Canine Adenovirus: Both types 1 and 2 can cause respiratory infections in dogs.
• Canine Distemper Virus: This is a more serious viral infection that can affect multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract.

Bacteria

• Bordetella bronchiseptica: This bacterium is a common cause of kennel cough, a highly contagious respiratory infection in dogs.
• Mycoplasma species: Certain mycoplasma bacteria can contribute to respiratory issues in dogs.

Environmental Factors

• Stress: Stress can weaken a dog's immune system, making it more susceptible to infections.
• Overcrowded or poorly ventilated conditions: Places like kennels, shelters, or dog parks with high dog density can increase the risk of disease transmission.

Age and Health Status

• Puppies and older dogs, as well as those with weakened immune systems due to other illnesses, are more susceptible to respiratory infections.

How to Tell If A Dog is "Cold"?

Dogs can sometimes exhibit symptoms similar to a human cold when they are feeling unwell. It's important to note that dogs do not actually catch colds from humans, as the viruses that affect dogs are different from those that affect humans. Instead, dogs can develop respiratory infections or other illnesses that may resemble cold-like symptoms. Here are some signs that your dog might not be feeling well:

• Coughing and Sneezing
• Runny or Stuffy Nose
• Watery Eyes
• Lethargy
• Loss of Appetite
• Fever
• Labored Breathing
• Sneezing and Nasal Discharge

Do I Need to Take My Pet with a "Cold" to the Vet?

If your pet's symptoms are mild, such as occasional sneezing or a slight runny nose, and they are otherwise behaving normally, you may choose to monitor them closely for a day or two. Sometimes, these symptoms can resolve on their own.

If your pet's symptoms persist for more than a day or two, worsen, or if they exhibit more severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, lethargy, loss of appetite, or a high fever, it's essential to seek veterinary care promptly.

How Are Dog Colds Treated?

Treatment of dog colds depends on the underlying cause. Mild colds usually clear up on their own. However, for example, if your dog's cold is an infection such as kennel cough, your veterinarian's treatment may include the following:

Medications

Depending on the diagnosis, your vet may prescribe medications such as antibiotics (if the infection is bacterial), antiviral drugs (if the infection is viral), cough tablets for dogs, and fluids or anti-inflammatory medications to reduce fever and ease discomfort.

In some cases, your veterinarian may recommend canine-specific nasal decongestants or saline nasal drops to help relieve nasal congestion. 

Humidifier

Running a humidifier in the room where your dog spends time can help ease respiratory discomfort by adding moisture to the air.

Hydration

Make sure your dog stays well-hydrated. Encourage them to drink water, and you can also offer ice cubes or ice chips if they are reluctant to drink. Dehydration can worsen illness, so it's essential to keep your dog hydrated.

Supplements

Your vet may recommend supplements like immune-boosting vitamins or probiotics to support your dog's overall health and immune system. 

Omega-6 fatty acids, primarily present in chicken and poultry fats, have the ability to stimulate inflammation and bolster a dog's immune system. Typically, we don't aim to encourage inflammation in dogs, but when they are unwell, inflammation is a natural component of their immune response to combat pathogens. To enhance a dog's immune reaction, we can temporarily increase the intake of linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) in their diet.

This is why chicken soup has long been considered a traditional remedy for human colds as well. It's important to remember that, in general, omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils are essential for reducing inflammation in the body. Therefore, it's crucial to maintain a balance between omega-6s and omega-3s in a dog's diet. Boosting omega-6s through sources like chicken and limited quantities of chicken fat is recommended only when your dog is ill and you want to support their immune response temporarily.

Nevertheless, it's essential to exercise caution and avoid overfeeding your dog with fatty foods, as excessive consumption can lead to weight gain and potentially trigger health issues such as pancreatitis.

Do Dog Colds Go Away on Their Own?

Yes, if your dog has very mild symptoms, such as occasional sneezing or a slight runny nose, and they are eating and behaving normally, these mild symptoms can improve without intervention.

Dog Cold vs. Kennel Cough

1. Symptoms

Dog Cold: Symptoms of a dog cold may include mild coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and occasionally a low-grade fever. Dogs with colds may also show signs of lethargy.

Kennel Cough: Kennel cough typically presents with a dry, hacking cough that can sound like the dog is trying to clear its throat. It may be accompanied by gagging or retching. Kennel cough usually doesn't cause a runny nose or fever but can lead to mild lethargy.

2. Duration

Dog Cold: A typical dog cold may resolve on its own within a few days to a week, although it can persist longer in some cases.

Kennel Cough: Kennel cough often lasts for about one to two weeks but can persist longer in some cases. It's important to note that kennel cough can be highly contagious among dogs.

3. Severity

Dog Cold: A dog cold is usually milder and less severe than kennel cough. Most dogs with a cold maintain their appetite and overall energy level.

Kennel Cough: Kennel cough can range from mild to severe, and severe cases may lead to lethargy and decreased appetite. It's also more likely to cause a persistent cough.

4. Transmission

Dog Cold: Dogs can catch colds from other dogs or environmental factors, but it's not as contagious as kennel cough.

Kennel Cough: Kennel cough is highly contagious and can spread easily in places where dogs congregate, such as kennels, dog parks, or grooming facilities.

Other Dog Specific Illnesses

Dogs can be susceptible to a wide range of illnesses and health conditions. Here are some other common dog-specific illnesses and health concerns:

• Canine Parvovirus (Parvo): This highly contagious viral infection primarily affects puppies and unvaccinated dogs. It can cause severe diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy, and can be fatal if not treated promptly.
• Canine Distemper: Another highly contagious viral disease, distemper can affect a dog's respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. It can lead to fever, nasal discharge, coughing, seizures, and neurological symptoms.
• Kennel Cough: Also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, kennel cough is a respiratory infection that causes a persistent, dry cough. It's commonly seen in dogs that have been in close contact with other dogs, such as those in kennels or doggy daycare facilities.
• Lyme Disease: Transmitted by ticks, Lyme disease can affect dogs and cause symptoms like lameness, joint swelling, fever, and lethargy. It's essential to use tick preventatives and check your dog for ticks after outdoor activities.
• Rabies: Rabies is a viral disease that affects the nervous system and can be transmitted to humans. It's typically spread through the bite of an infected animal. Vaccination against rabies is essential for dogs to prevent this deadly disease.
• Hip Dysplasia: This is a hereditary condition where the hip joint doesn't develop correctly, leading to arthritis and mobility issues. Large and giant breed dogs are more prone to hip dysplasia.
• Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat): Bloat is a life-threatening condition where a dog's stomach fills with gas and twists on itself. It can cause rapid onset of distress, abdominal pain, and requires immediate veterinary attention.
• Ear Infections: Dogs with floppy ears, such as Cocker Spaniels and Basset Hounds, are prone to ear infections. Signs include head shaking, scratching at the ears, and a foul odor.
• Dental Disease: Poor dental hygiene can lead to gum disease, tooth decay, and other oral health problems in dogs. Regular dental care, including brushing and dental check-ups, is essential.

Can You Prevent Your Dog from Getting a Cold?

You can take steps to help prevent your dog from getting sick, including respiratory infections that might resemble a cold in humans. Here are some measures to reduce the risk of your dog getting sick:

• Vaccination: Ensure that your dog is up-to-date on all recommended vaccinations, including those for contagious respiratory diseases like canine distemper, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and Bordetella (kennel cough). Vaccinations are one of the most effective ways to prevent certain illnesses.
• Maintain a Healthy Diet: Feed your dog a well-balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs. Proper nutrition helps support a strong immune system.
• Regular Exercise: Keep your dog physically active to maintain overall health. Exercise can help boost the immune system and keep your dog fit.
• Good Hygiene: Practice good hygiene with your dog. This includes regular bathing and grooming to keep their coat and skin healthy and to remove potential sources of infection.
• Clean Living Environment: Keep your dog's living area clean and well-ventilated to reduce the risk of exposure to germs and irritants. Wash their bedding and toys regularly.
• Rest is key: On average, dogs will sleep between 12-14 hours a day. To prevent them from falling prey to certain illnesses, always make sure that they’re getting enough sleep.

Conclusion

While dogs cannot get colds caused by human rhinoviruses, they are susceptible to various respiratory illnesses, including canine influenza, kennel cough, and parainfluenza. When your dog exhibits cold-like symptoms, it's essential to consult with a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. With the right care and attention, your furry companion can recover from respiratory issues and continue enjoying a healthy and happy life.