Acid Reflux in Cats​

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition that can affect cats, just like it does humans. This condition occurs when stomach acid flows backward into the esophagus, leading to irritation and discomfort. While it’s often under-recognized in cats, acid reflux can lead to serious health issues if left untreated.

What is Acid Reflux in Cats?

Acid reflux in cats is caused by the malfunctioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a valve that normally prevents stomach acids from entering the esophagus. When this valve fails to function properly, acidic gastric contents rise into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. 

Key terms:

• Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD): the backward flow of stomach acids into the esophagus.
• Esophagitis: inflammation of the esophagus, often resulting from chronic acid reflux.

Causes of Acid Reflux in Cats

Several factors can contribute to the development of acid reflux in cats, including:

1. Dietary Causes:
Cats consuming high-fat or low-fiber diets, as well as eating spicy or overly processed foods, can suffer from acid reflux. Abrupt diet changes may also trigger this condition.

2. Obesity:
Excess weight can increase pressure on the stomach, which may cause the LES to weaken and allow acid to escape.
Also Read: Maintaining A Healthy Cat Weight

3. Anesthesia:
Cats that undergo surgery requiring general anesthesia are at a higher risk of developing acid reflux. The relaxation of the muscles during anesthesia, including the LES, allows stomach acids to flow into the esophagus.

4. Hiatal Hernia:
A structural abnormality in which part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. This can disrupt the normal function of the LES.

5. Medications:
Certain medications, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, or antibiotics, may irritate the stomach lining and contribute to acid reflux.

6. Vomiting:
Chronic vomiting, whether due to illness or stress, can cause damage to the esophagus and contribute to acid reflux.

Symptoms of Acid Reflux in Cats

Recognizing acid reflux in cats can be tricky since they may not show obvious signs of discomfort. However, some common symptoms include:

1. Regurgitation:
Cats with acid reflux often regurgitate food or liquid shortly after eating. This is different from vomiting because the expelled material is undigested and may occur without retching.

2. Coughing or Wheezing:
Acid reflux can irritate the esophagus and surrounding areas, leading to coughing or respiratory distress.

3. Excessive Salivation:
You may notice your cat drooling more than usual due to the irritation caused by stomach acid.

4. Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia):
Cats with acid reflux may show signs of discomfort when swallowing or eating food. They may appear hesitant to eat or chew slowly.

5. Loss of Appetite:
Cats with GERD often avoid food due to the discomfort and pain they experience while eating.

6. Weight Loss:
Chronic acid reflux can lead to reduced food intake, which in turn may result in weight loss.

7. Bad Breath (Halitosis):
The regurgitation of stomach acids can cause foul-smelling breath in cats.

8. Pawing at the Mouth:
Cats in discomfort may exhibit unusual behaviors, such as pawing at their mouths or licking their lips frequently.

Diagnosis of Acid Reflux in Cats

Diagnosing acid reflux in cats involves a combination of physical exams, medical history, and sometimes additional diagnostic tests. The veterinarian will assess your cat for the presence of common symptoms like regurgitation and drooling.

Some diagnostic methods include:

Endoscopy:
This is one of the most effective ways to diagnose GERD in cats. An endoscope is inserted into the esophagus to visualize any inflammation or damage caused by stomach acids.

Barium Swallow X-rays:
Your vet may recommend X-rays using a barium contrast agent to observe the flow of liquid in the esophagus and stomach.

Blood Tests:
While these won't directly diagnose acid reflux, they help rule out other potential causes of vomiting, weight loss, or loss of appetite.

Esophageal pH Monitoring:
This test measures the acidity levels in the esophagus, which can confirm the presence of acid reflux.

Treatment of Acid Reflux in Cats

Treatment for acid reflux in cats typically focuses on managing symptoms and addressing the underlying causes. Several approaches may be recommended:

1. Dietary Management

• Smaller, Frequent Meals:
  Feeding your cat smaller and more frequent meals can help reduce the chances of stomach acid flowing into the esophagus. Large meals tend to increase the production of stomach acid.
• Low-Fat Diet:
  Reducing the fat content in your cat’s diet can ease digestion and decrease the production of stomach acid.
• Easily Digestible Foods:
  Soft or wet food may be easier for cats with acid reflux to eat, and such food passes through the stomach quickly, reducing acid buildup.

2. Medications

• Antacids:
  These medications neutralize stomach acid and help reduce inflammation of the esophagus. Your veterinarian may recommend antacids such as omeprazole or famotidine.
• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs):
  PPIs, like omeprazole, reduce the amount of acid produced by the stomach, preventing further damage to the esophagus.
• Prokinetic Drugs:
  These medications, like metoclopramide, can help improve gastric motility and reduce the likelihood of reflux.
• Sucralfate:
  This medication acts as a coating agent to protect the esophagus from acid erosion.

3. Lifestyle Modifications

• Weight Management:
  For overweight cats, a controlled weight loss plan can help reduce pressure on the stomach, improving the function of the LES.
• Elevating Food Bowls:
  Feeding your cat from a slightly elevated position can help reduce acid reflux episodes by keeping the stomach contents down.

4. Surgery

In severe cases, such as when a hiatal hernia is present, surgery may be required to correct the structural abnormality.

Managing Acid Reflux in Cats at Home

In addition to professional veterinary treatment, there are steps you can take at home to manage acid reflux in your cat:

Monitor Your Cat’s Diet:
Stick to the prescribed diet and avoid feeding your cat table scraps, especially fatty or spicy foods.

Monitor Symptoms:
Keep an eye on your cat’s symptoms and note any changes. If symptoms worsen, consult your vet immediately.

Create a Stress-Free Environment:
Stress can exacerbate acid reflux, so ensure your cat has a calm and peaceful environment.

Related:
Cat Anxiety Symptoms
How Do You Know If Your Cat Is Happy

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can acid reflux in cats go away on its own?

No, acid reflux in cats typically requires medical treatment and dietary changes. Without intervention, it can lead to more serious complications like esophagitis or ulcers.

How long does it take to treat acid reflux in cats?

Treatment duration depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, symptoms may improve within a few weeks, but chronic cases may require long-term management.

What foods should I avoid if my cat has acid reflux?

Avoid feeding your cat fatty, spicy, or overly processed foods. Instead, provide a balanced, low-fat diet that is easily digestible.

Can acid reflux cause weight loss in cats?

Yes, acid reflux can cause reduced appetite, leading to weight loss in cats. If your cat is losing weight, it’s important to consult a veterinarian for proper treatment.

Is acid reflux in cats life-threatening?

While acid reflux itself is not typically life-threatening, untreated cases can lead to more severe issues like ulcers, esophagitis, and aspiration pneumonia, which can be dangerous.

Conclusion

Acid reflux in cats is a manageable condition with proper veterinary care, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle changes. Early recognition of symptoms, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are crucial for ensuring your cat's comfort and long-term health. If you suspect your cat is suffering from acid reflux, consult your veterinarian to develop a personalized treatment plan.