Mange in Dogs

Mange is a common skin disease in dogs caused by microscopic mites that infest and irritate the skin. It leads to intense itching, hair loss, redness, and inflammation. Depending on the type of mite involved, mange can be contagious to other animals or even humans. The two most common forms of mange in dogs are sarcoptic mange, also known as scabies, and demodectic mange.

Early recognition and treatment are essential to relieve discomfort and prevent severe skin infections.

Mange is caused by an overgrowth or infestation of mites that burrow into or live on the dog’s skin. The main types and causes include:

• Sarcoptic mange (scabies) caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites which are highly contagious and spread through direct contact
• Demodectic mange caused by Demodex mites that normally live on the skin but multiply excessively when the immune system is weakened
• Poor hygiene or malnutrition that compromises skin health
• Weakened immune system from illness or stress
• Contact with infected dogs or contaminated bedding

Environmental factors like humidity, overcrowding, and lack of grooming can also increase the risk of mange.

Symptoms vary depending on the type of mange but commonly include:

• Intense itching and scratching
• Red, scaly, or crusty skin
• Hair loss, especially around the eyes, ears, legs, and belly
• Thickened or darkened skin in chronic cases
• Foul odor from secondary infections
• Scabs, sores, or raw patches from excessive scratching

In severe infestations, dogs may develop open wounds, bacterial infections, or generalized hair loss.

A veterinarian will diagnose mange through a combination of examination and laboratory tests, which may include:

• Skin scraping to identify mites under a microscope
• Hair pluck or skin biopsy for deeper infestations
• Fungal and bacterial cultures to rule out secondary infections
• Reviewing medical history and symptoms
• Assessing other pets or household members for potential contagion

Accurate diagnosis is critical because mange can resemble other skin conditions such as allergies or fungal infections.

Treatment for mange depends on the type and severity of the infestation. Common treatment options include:

• Topical medications such as medicated shampoos, dips, or sprays to kill mites and soothe skin
• Oral medications like ivermectin or milbemycin prescribed by a veterinarian
• Antibiotics or antifungal medications to treat secondary skin infections
• Anti-itch treatments to relieve irritation and inflammation
• Isolating the infected dog if the mange is contagious
• Regular cleaning of bedding and grooming tools to prevent reinfestation

With prompt care, most dogs recover fully within a few weeks, though chronic cases may require longer treatment.

Preventing mange involves maintaining good hygiene and overall skin health. Steps to prevent mange include:

• Use monthly flea and tick prevention products that also protect against mites
• Bathe and groom your dog regularly
• Keep your dog’s living area clean and dry
• Provide a balanced diet to support immune health
• Avoid contact with infected animals
• Treat any skin irritation or itching early before it worsens

Strong immunity and good hygiene are key to keeping mange away.

When to See a Vet

If your dog shows signs of excessive itching, hair loss, or scaly skin, it is important to visit a veterinarian. Mange can worsen quickly and lead to serious infections if untreated. Dogs with persistent or recurring mange may have an underlying health condition that needs attention.